Zulu
Isifafazi somthelela, isifafazi segceke esakhiwe ngo-1932 ngumlimi wezithelo ezisawolintshi, siyingxenye evame kakhulu yezinto zokusebenza zokunisela. Izifafazi zomthelela zokuqala zazifakwe phezu kwamapayipi ensimbi. Lezi zifafazi eziphakanyisiwe zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla ukunisela izingadi zemifino kanye nemibhede yemvelo, kanye nokuvimbela isithwathwa samasimu ezithelo nezithelo.
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
IMINININGWANE YOMKHIQIZO
Izifafaza zomthelela ngokuvamile zenziwe ngethusi noma ngepulasitiki. Aqanjwe kanjalo ngoba asebenzisa amandla amanzi aphuma emlonyeni ukushwiba ingalo ukuze enze “ithonya” ngohlaka lokufafaza. Lo mthelela udala ukuthi isifafazi sijikelezise kancane. Lokhu kunyakaza kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze isifafazi sijikeleze sinikeze ukumbozwa kwendawo enkulu futhi kubangele umsindo ovamile othi "cha-cha-cha" njengoba ujikeleza.
Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokugunda eduze kwezifafazi ezinethonya ezifakwe emapayipini, isifafazi esithinta i-pop-up sasungulwa. Uhlobo olufanayo lokufafaza lwaluvalwe ngensimbi eyinsimbi noma ikesi lepulasitiki elingu-4-6 amayintshi ububanzi ngesivalo phezu kwekhanda lokufafaza. Ibhokisi lokufafaza elivaliwe lalingase libekwe phansi. Lapho ukucindezela kwamanzi kufakwa ku-sprinkler, ayephuma ekesini cishe amayintshi angu-4 ngaphezu komhlabathi futhi afafaze indawo ezungezile. Lapho amanzi evaliwe, isiphethu ngaphakathi kwekesi sasiphoqa ikhanda lesifafazi nesivalo sibuyele phansi ebhokisini ukuze singabe sisanwebeka ngaphezu komhlaba.
Lezi zifafaza zomthelela we-pop-up zibe nezinkinga nazo. Uhlobo oluthile lwama-vacuum mowers ngezikhathi ezithile lungamunca ikhanda le-sprinkler liphume ebhokisini laso ngokwanele ukuze lisike. Kwezinye izindawo, isihlabathi nokungcola nakho kungangena ku-casing, kuvimbele isifafazi ukuthi singahoxisi ukusishiya sisesimweni esinwetshiwe. Lokhu kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okwengeziwe.
Ukuze unqobe izinkinga ezitholakala ngokufafaza komthelela we-pop-up, abakhiqizi bazame ukuthola isisombululo esisusa isidingo sembobo enkulu ngaphakathi kwezifafazi ze-pop-up effect. Idizayini entsha yokulungisa lokhu isebenzise indlela yokushayela yangaphakathi.
Izifafaza eziqhutshwa ngerotha negiya zibukeka futhi zisebenza ngokufana kakhulu. Nakuba zombili zinezinqubo zokushayela zangaphakathi ezihlukile, zombili zincike ekugelezeni kwamanzi ahambayo adlule ingxenye ethile yangaphakathi yesifafazi. Lapho kufakwa umfutho wamanzi, i-shaft eyi-intshi engu-1 noma ngaphezulu yobubanzi idlulela cishe amayintshi angu-4 ngaphezu komhlaba. Njengoba amanzi egeleza edlula indlela yokushayela yangaphakathi, abangela ingxenye ye-shaft enwetshiwe ukuthi ijikeleze. I-shaft ivalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe isihlabathi nokungcola ekungeneni ku-sprinkler okusiza ukuqeda izinkinga eziningi ngesizukulwane sangaphambilini se-pop-up effect sprinklers. Lokhu futhi kwenza iziqongo zezifafazi zingakwazi ukubonwa uma zihoxiswa.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene
Ngo-1985, i-Datong Locomotive Works yabona ukuthi izitimela zikagesi zaziyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesitimela sesitimela saseChina kanye nemboni yamasheya esikhathini esizayo, futhi yabeka phambili umbono wokukhiqiza we-"Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) kanye ne-Datong Locomotive Works".
Isitimela sikagesi sohlobo 3 lwe-Shaoshan siyisizukulwane sesibili sezwe lami esithwala abantu abangu-6 kanye nesitimela sempahla. I-locomotive isebenzisa ukulungiswa kwegagasi eligcwele kohlobo lwebhuloho futhi ibona ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ebushelelezi elawulwa yisigaba se-thyristor. Isitimela sithatha isigaba esisodwa se-AC 25kV 50Hz voltage system futhi sinesivinini sokusebenza esiphezulu esingu-100km/h.
I-SS3B fixed heavy-duty electric locomotive iyisitimela esithwala impahla esingu-12-axle. Iqukethe izitimela ezimbili ezifanayo ezinama-axle angu-6 axhunywe i-coupler kanye ne-windshield. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zifakwe izixhumi zesistimu kagesi ezinamandla kagesi, izintambo zokulawula, nokuvikela inethiwekhi. Amapayipi okulawula ulayini nomoya. Imoto yonke ingalawulwa ngendlela efanayo kunoma iyiphi i-cab. Isitimela sithatha i-single- phase power frequency system, i-voltage engu-25kV, i-AC-DC transmission, kanti isivinini esikhulu sokusebenza sesitimela singu-100km/h.
Isitimela sikagesi esithuthukisiwe i-Shaoshan 4 iyisitimela esithwala impahla esingu-8-axle. Isitimela siqukethe izitimela ezimbili ezifanayo ezinama-axle amane axhunywe i-coupler kanye ne-windshield. Lezi zindawo zokusebenzela ezimbili zifakwe izixhumi ezinamandla kagesi aphezulu, izintambo zokulawula ukuxhuma kabusha kanye namapayipi okulawula amabhuleki emoyeni. Imoto yonke ingalawulwa ngokuhambisanayo ukusuka kukhabhu yomshayeli yanoma iyiphi enye yezimoto. Izitimela ezimbili nazo zingahlukaniswa futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuzimela njengesitimela esinama-axle amane.