Rwanda
Ingaruka zitera, imashini itera imbuga yakozwe mu 1932 n’umuhinzi wa citrusi, nigice kinini cyibikoresho byo kuhira. Imiti ya mbere yamenetse yashizwe hejuru yicyuma. Iyi miti yazamuye iracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe mu kuvomera ubusitani bwimboga nigitanda nyaburanga, ndetse no gukumira ubukonje bwimbuto nimbuto.
Ibisobanuro birambuye
UMUSARURO W'IBICURUZWA
Imiti itera ingaruka mubusanzwe ikozwe mumuringa cyangwa plastike. Biswe amazina cyane kubera ko bakoresha imbaraga zamazi asohoka muri nozzle kugirango bazunguze ukuboko kugirango bakore "ingaruka" hamwe n'ikariso. Izi ngaruka zitera kumera kuzunguruka gato. Uku kugenda bibaho inshuro nyinshi kugirango spinkler izunguruka itanga ubwuzuzanye ahantu hanini kandi bivamo amajwi asanzwe "cha-cha-cha" uko azunguruka.
Kubera ikibazo cyo gutema hirya no hino ingaruka ziterwa kumashanyarazi zashyizwe kumiyoboro, havumbuwe imashini itera ingaruka. Ubwoko bumwe bwa spinkler bwari bufunze mu cyuma cyangwa plastike ya santimetero 4-6 z'umurambararo ufite umupfundikizo hejuru yumutwe. Ikariso ifunze irashobora gufungwa hasi. Iyo umuvuduko wamazi washyizwe kumashini, washoboraga kuva murubanza nka santimetero 4 hejuru yubutaka hanyuma ugatera ahantu hakikije. Amazi amaze kuzimya, isoko yimbere muri urwo rubanza yahatiraga umutwe wa spinker hanyuma igapfundikira hasi murubanza kugirango itagikomeza hejuru yubutaka.
Izi pop-up ingaruka zimeneka zagize ibibazo nabyo. Ikirangantego cyihariye cyimashini zikoresha vacuum rimwe na rimwe zanyunyuza imitwe kumutwe hejuru yikariso ihagije kugirango uyice. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, umucanga n'umwanda na byo byinjiraga mu gikarito, bikabuza kuminjagira gusubira inyuma bigasigara ahantu hanini. Ibi byatumye habaho byinshi byo gutera imbere.
Kugira ngo ukemure ibibazo byahuye n’ibishobora kumeneka, abahinguzi bagerageje gushaka igisubizo cyakuyeho igikenewe kinini mu mwobo w’imbere. Igishushanyo gishya cyo gukosora ibi cyakoresheje uburyo bwo gutwara imbere.
Rotor na gear itwarwa kumashanyarazi irasa kandi ikora cyane. Mugihe byombi bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara imbere, byombi biterwa namazi atemba anyuze mugice cyimbere cyimiti. Iyo umuvuduko wamazi ushyizwe, uruzitiro rwa santimetero 1 cyangwa irenga rugera kuri santimetero 4 hejuru yubutaka. Nkuko amazi atembera hejuru yimikorere yimbere, itera igice cyagutse kizunguruka. Uruzitiro rufunze kugirango hirindwe umucanga numwanda winjira muri spinkler ifasha gukemura ibibazo byinshi hamwe nabasekuruza babanje kumera. Ibi kandi byatumye hejuru ya spinkers bisa nkibidashoboka kubona mugihe byakuweho.
Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano
Mu 1985, Datong Lokomotive Works yatahuye ko moteri y’amashanyarazi aricyo cyerekezo cy’iterambere cy’inganda za gari ya moshi n’Ubushinwa mu gihe kiri imbere, maze ishyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cy’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa bya "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Lokomotive Works) na Datong Lokomotive Work".
Shaoshan Ubwoko bwa lokomoteri yo mu bwoko bwa 3 nigisekuru cyanjye cya kabiri mugihugu cyanjye 6-axe itwara abagenzi hamwe na moteri. Lokomoteri ifata ikiraro-cyuzuye cyuzuye-ikosora kandi ikamenya icyiciro cya thyristor igenzurwa neza na voltage igenga. Lokomoteri ifata sisitemu imwe ya AC 25kV 50Hz ya voltage kandi ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 100km / h.
SS3B yashizwemo na moteri iremereye cyane yamashanyarazi ni moteri ya 12-imizigo yamashanyarazi. Igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa 6-zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Ibice byombi bifite ibikoresho bya sisitemu yumuriro mwinshi-uhuza, insinga zo kugenzura, hamwe nu kurinda imiyoboro. Imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa icyarimwe kuva cab. Lokomoteri ikoresha sisitemu imwe yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa voltage, voltage 25kV, imiyoboro ya AC-DC, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukora wa lokomoteri ni 100km / h.
Shaoshan 4 yateje imbere amashanyarazi ni moteri ya 8-axe yimodoka. Lokomoteri igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa zisa zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Amahugurwa yombi afite ibikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi menshi kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, insinga zo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe na feri yo kugenzura feri yo mu kirere. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa mugihe kimwe cyabashoferi ba kinyabiziga kimwe. Lokomoteri ebyiri nazo zirashobora gutandukana kandi zigakoreshwa mu bwigenge nka moteri enye.