Mbere yintangiriro ya 2000, imodoka yubucuruzi iremereye cyane nibindi byose intoki wasangaga utarigeze wumva. Kuva icyo gihe, icyifuzo cyo kohereza intoki (AMTs) cyiyongereye; buhoro buhoro ubanza, hanyuma byihuse nkuko tekinoroji yarushijeho kuba nziza kandi yizewe.

Amato yatangiye kubona inyungu zo gukoresha AMT: zishobora gukora neza kuruta imfashanyigisho, hiyongereyeho abashoferi bashya, badafite uburambe buke bashoboraga kubakoresha, kwagura ikidendezi cy’abakandida bakomeye - amato y’ubutabazi yishimiye kwakira neza bitewe n’ibura ry’abashoferi.

Uyu munsi, AMT irasabwa kumodoka nyinshi zubucuruzi ziva kumurongo. Nubwo iyi nzira igenda, ariko, amakamyo yohereza intoki aracyifuzwa kumato menshi.

Becky Parsons, umuyobozi ushinzwe ingamba z’ibicuruzwa ku isi muri Eaton Vehicle Group yagize ati: "Turacyabona ko hakenewe kohereza intoki mu mato afite ibizenga by’abashoferi ndetse no mu bikorwa byihariye nko gutwara ibintu byinshi cyangwa serivisi zikomeye."

Kugirango umenye niba kohereza intoki cyangwa amakamyo ya AMT aribyo byiza, amato agomba gufata ibintu bitandukanye.

Ikwirakwizwa ryibanze

Ihererekanyabubasha rishobora kumvikana cyane kumato amwe. Ibi birashobora kumera kumato afite pisine nini yabashoferi babimenyereye bahitamo gutwara ikamyo ifite pedal clutch aho kuba AMT, cyangwa amato imodoka zikoreshwa muburyo bukabije bwakazi.

Porogaramu ikamyo izakoreshwa ni kimwe mubitekerezo byingenzi mugihe cyohereza. Ibi birashobora kuba ingenzi cyane kuberako AMT zimwe zifite aho zigarukira.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha amakamyo muri Rihm Kenworth, Chad Seth yagize ati: "Abakiriya bakeneye kureba icyo amakamyo azajyamo." Ati: "By'umwihariko, ikamyo ikurura iherezo cyangwa ikajugunywa ku ruhande irashobora gukenera ubwoko bwihariye bwa AMT cyangwa ikajya mu buryo bwuzuye [bwikora] Allison kubera ibikoresho bike bikenewe. AMT zimwe zifite ubushobozi buke gusa. ”

Seth yavuze ko aho AMT ishobora gusa kuba yakira igipimo ntarengwa cya 1.850 ft-lb, uburyo bwo gukoresha intoki bwihuta 18 bushobora gutwara ibiro bigera kuri 2.050.

Ubwinshi bwamato adafite umuriro ukabije, ariko, arashobora kwitega kubona iterambere muri metero zose zikora neza muguhindura kuva mumaboko yoherejwe na AMT. Ibi biterwa ahanini nuko abashoferi - bafite uburambe cyangwa batabishoboye - barashobora gukoresha byoroshye gukoresha ibintu AMT itanga kugirango banoze imikorere.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza ibicuruzwa muri Volvo Trucks muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Johan Agebrand yagize ati: "Itandukaniro rinini hagati ya AMTs n’imfashanyigisho ni uko hamwe na AMT, ibintu byinshi n'imikorere bishobora gutangwa n'ikamyo OEM mu bice bikomeye byo gusubiza, imikorere, ndetse no gukoresha ingufu za peteroli".

Yongeyeho ko hamwe n’amahugurwa akwiye, amato ashobora kwitega ko abashoferi babo benshi bakoresha imiterere ya AMT bityo bakanoza imikorere.

Agebrand yagize ati: "5-10% byambere byabashoferi bintoki ntibashobora gutera imbere cyane hamwe na AMT, ariko abandi 90 kugeza 95% rwose bazabikora."

Yagaragaje kandi ko Volvo itanga serivisi ya porogaramu ya kure yemerera amato guhindura igenamiterere rya Volvo AMTs kugira ngo ikamyo ishobore gukoreshwa.

Agebrand yabisobanuye agira ati: “Ibi birumvikana niba inshingano z'amato zitandukanye bitewe n'uburemere, imiterere y'isi, n'ibindi bintu.” “Buri kamyo irashobora guhindurwa kugira ngo itange ingufu nziza za peteroli, umusaruro, ndetse no gutwara ibinyabiziga bitewe n'inshingano zayo.”

Mugihe aho ikamyo izakomeza gusaba kubuzima bwayo, amato arashobora guhitamo kwerekana uburyo bwoherejwe kuri iyo gahunda yihariye.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bya Detroit, Len Copeland yagize ati: "Niba imodoka yawe ikoreshwa na OTR (hejuru y'umuhanda), menya neza ko AMT yawe iteganijwe ku muvuduko w'umuhanda izahura nayo." Ati: "Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba uri porogaramu iremereye urebe neza ko ihererekanyabubasha ryatoranijwe ryakozwe kugira ngo rikore uburemere n'ibikorwa bizahura nabyo. Guhitamo neza AMT ni ingenzi mu bikorwa by'amato ndetse no kunyurwa n'abashoferi. ”

AMTs yimyuga imwe nimwe, kurugero, itanga ibintu byihariye byihariye kumasoko yimyuga nkuburyo butari kumuhanda nuburyo butagira urutare.

Mugihe ibyinshi mubinyabiziga bishya byubucuruzi bitangwa byerekanwe na AMT, haracyari amakamyo menshi afite intoki zo mumuhanda uyumunsi. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kubara moderi zamakamyo zishaje ziracyakorwa namato. Ibyo bivuze ko abatekinisiye b'amato bakeneye guhugurwa kubijyanye no kubungabunga no gutanga serivisi zombi za AMT ndetse no kohereza intoki mu gihe kiri imbere.

Mugihe hari itandukaniro rigaragara hagati yibi byombi, AMT nigitabo birasa cyane kuruta uko bishobora kugaragara mbere. Kimwe mubintu byingenzi bisa bigomba kuba byibanze kumashami yo kubungabunga amato ni clutch.

Kohereza ibinyabiziga byubucuruzi

Imikorere ya Clutch

Ku mushoferi ukoresha ikamyo ifite intoki cyangwa AMT, itandukaniro riragaragara: umwe afite pedal clutch undi ntayo. Kimwe no gutwara ikamyo ifite moteri yuzuye, AMT isaba gusa gukoresha moteri yihuta na feri ya feri. Aho niho ibisa birangirira, nyamara; AMT irasa cyane nigitabo kuruta kohereza mu buryo bwikora muburyo bukora.

Nk’uko Allison Transmission ibivuga, ubwikorezi bwikora bukoresha hydraulic torque ihindura moteri kugirango ihuze moteri nogukoresha umubumbe. Ku rundi ruhande, AMT ikoresha garebox isanzwe hamwe n'amashanyarazi cyangwa pneumatike ikora.

Muyandi magambo, ubwikorezi bwikora mu gikamyo, nkubwikorezi bwikora mumodoka itwara abagenzi, butanga umuvuduko uhoraho, hafi-uhoraho. Ku rundi ruhande, AMT, ihinduka nk'ikamyo isanzwe yohereza intoki aho kwihuta guhagarara mu gihe bihindutse.

Agebrand wa Volvo yabisobanuye agira ati: “Mu buryo bwa tekinike, nta tandukaniro [riri hagati y'imfashanyigisho na AMT]. “Icyakora, muri AMT, mudasobwa z'ikinyabiziga zikoresha clutch n'umushoferi w'umuntu mu gitabo. Algorithms muri AMTs yuyu munsi ni nziza cyane ku buryo ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire n’ingaruka zifatika, AMT izakora impinduka nziza mu buryo bwa tekiniki 100 ku ijana. ”

Copeland ya Detroit yavuze ko AMT ikoresha module igenzura hamwe na mashini cyangwa pneumatike kugirango ikore iyo mikorere ubwayo. Ibi bituma ihererekanyabubasha rihindura ibikoresho neza bishoboka. Yongeyeho ko AMT zimwe zimwe zitanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gutwara kugirango zifashe umushoferi kuguma kugenzura uko ihererekanyabubasha rihinduka.

Guhinduranya neza kugirango uhore mubikoresho byiza nkuko bisabwa bivuze ko AMT ihinduka kenshi. Ababikora bazirikanye bakoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye bitandukanye nibisanzwe byakoreshwa mugukoresha intoki.

Copeland yagize ati: "Gufata intoki bikozwe mu gice cya kabiri cy'ibyuma mu gihe AMT ikoresha ibikoresho bya fibre kama kuko bihinduranya kenshi bishingiye ku ngamba zinyuranye zo guhinduranya, bisaba ko habaho guhuza neza no gutandukana kuruta icyuma gishobora gutanga".

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwikingira, sisitemu ya AMT ikubiyemo kandi igereranya ry'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere, nk'uko Parsons ya Eaton ibivuga, ikoresha mu kwirinda kwambara cyane kuri clutch n'ibiyigize.

Intoki zoherejwe zikunda kugira sensor nkeya kandi zishingikiriza cyane kuri shoferi kugirango wirinde gushyuha cyane no gukora imyenda ikabije.

Kwirinda ibiza

Kubungabunga nabi no kubungabunga bidakwiye nimwe mubintu byingenzi bitera kunanirwa kwifata ku ntoki. AMT ikuraho imikoranire yabantu itaziguye, gukoresha nabi rero ntabwo ari ikibazo. Kubungabunga bidakwiye, ariko, birashobora kuganisha ku gutsindwa kwa clutch ndetse no kuri AMT.

Umuyobozi wa serivisi muri Rihm Kenworth, Steve Toninato, yatangaje ko kudakomeza gufata neza ibinyabiziga bishobora kuganisha ku kunyerera, gukora cyane kuri pedal (kubohereza intoki), ubushyuhe bukabije, ndetse no kunanirwa imburagihe.

Kunanirwa kwa Clutch kubera gukoresha nabi cyangwa kubungabunga bidakwiye, ariko, muburyo bumwe. Ihuriro muntoki zombi hamwe na AMTs byashizweho kugirango bibe intege nke muri sisitemu izashira cyangwa ivunike mbere kugirango irinde ubwikorezi ubwabwo.

Agebrand ya Volvo yagize ati: "Gufata neza cyangwa gukoresha ibinyabiziga bishobora gutuma clutch yangirika kandi igacika." “Mu bihe birebire cyangwa bikabije, clutch yagenewe kunanirwa; bitabaye ibyo, ibikoresho bifatika hamwe nigikoresho cyimbere imbere yohereza bizacika. Ibi ni bimwe kuri AMT ndetse n'imfashanyigisho. ”

Copeland ya Detroit yavuze ko kubungabunga ari ngombwa kubera ko ibibazo byo kohereza bishobora gukurura ibibazo by’imodoka.

Copeland yagize ati: "Ikwirakwizwa ridakwiye rishobora gutuma habaho imbaraga zose zidafite imbaraga." “Amato arashobora kugabanuka mubuzima bwa serivisi, [kugabanuka] imikorere yimikorere, kongera kunanirwa kwa clutch, hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije. Buri gihe ujye ukoresha igitabo cyawe cyo kubungabunga OEM kugirango umenye neza ko ukomeza ibikoresho byawe nkuko bisabwa kugirango bigufashe gukumira ibyo bibazo. ”

Ibimenyetso byo kuburira

Intambwe yambere yo kwirinda kunanirwa kwifata ni ukureba ibimenyetso byikibazo kiri hafi. Abashoferi nabatekinisiye bose bagomba kureba ibimenyetso byerekana ko ihererekanyabubasha ryatsindagirijwe. Ihererekanyabubasha hamwe na AMT bitanga imiburo itandukanye, ni ngombwa rero kumenya neza byombi.

Agebrand yagize ati: "Hamwe nogukoresha intoki, abashoferi bahura n '" kumva "muri pedal ya clutch cyangwa barashobora kumva gusya no guhura nibibazo byo kurangiza ibikoresho."

Toninato yavuze ko kunyerera bishobora kuba ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza ikibazo cya clutch, mu gihe Copeland yavuze ko abashoferi bagomba kumenya ubushyuhe bwa clutch - ikintu gishobora kugaragara cyane kubera impumuro yaka, ikoreshwa no kwanduza intoki na AMT.

Copeland yavuze kandi ko AMTs nyinshi zifite ibyuma bifata ibyuma byerekana ubushyuhe bizamenyesha umushoferi mugihe iyo hoteri ishyushye cyane kugirango ikore neza. Byongeye kandi, niba ihererekanyabubasha ryananiwe guhinduranya ibikoresho neza mugihe utwaye, birashoboka ko ari ikimenyetso cyikibazo.

Parsons yongeyeho ati: "AMT itanga umuburo binyuze mu makosa kandi ikamenyesha umushoferi kugira ngo yerekane ko ari ngombwa guhagarara no kugenzura ibiyobora."

Yavuze ko niba umushoferi yakiriye umuburo cyangwa akamenyeshwa mu gihe akoresha ikinyabiziga, umushoferi agomba guhagarika ikinyabiziga kugira ngo agenzure icyo cyerekezo.

Gusuzuma no gusana

Gupima ibibazo bya clutch birashobora kandi gutandukana muburyo bumwe bwo kohereza intoki na AMT. Kubohereza intoki, clutch pedal kumva no kugenzura amashusho nuburyo nyamukuru bwo gusuzuma. AMTs, hamwe na sensor yinyongera, mubisanzwe izatanga integuza hamwe namakosa yamakosa kandi birashobora gusuzumwa byoroshye nigikoresho cyo gusuzuma no gusuzuma.

Mugihe cyo gusana, ni ngombwa gukoresha ibice byujuje ubuziranenge byo gusimbuza ubwoko bwombi bwohereza. Mugihe ababikora bakunda gusaba ibice bya OEM, amato arasabwa cyane gukoresha byibuze ibice byemewe na OEM.

Copeland yagize ati: "Detroit irasaba cyane gukoresha ibice byemewe n’uruganda muri serivisi zose no kubungabunga ibicuruzwa byacu." “Ibice byemewe n'uruganda mubisanzwe ibice bimwe byashyizwe mubikorwa byambere byubaka. Ibi bivuze ko ibice bifite ibizamini bikomeye kandi bigenzura ubuziranenge nk'uko uruganda rwacu rwubatse ibice. ”

Toninato yongeyeho ati: "Urabona ibyo wishyura." Ibiciro bihendutse bikunda gutanga ibikoresho byiza no gutanga garanti nziza, bigatuma bikwiye gukoreshwa mbere kugirango wirinde ibibazo bishobora kubaho mugihe kizaza.

Parsons yavuze ko kuri AMTs, ni ngombwa cyane gukoresha clutch yahujwe na sisitemu kugira ngo imikorere ibe myiza. Ibi birashobora kugaragara mubijyanye no gutwara, urusaku / kunyeganyega / gukomera (NVH), ihumure, nubuzima bwa clutch.

Yongeyeho ko kubohereza intoki, ukoresheje clutch iboneye ya porogaramu itanga ubuzima burebure, gutwara neza no gukora neza, no gusezerana neza.

Parsons yagize ati: "Kuri porogaramu zombi, niba clutch iboneye idakoreshejwe umurongo rusange urashobora guhura n'ikibazo kubera kunyeganyega gukabije." Ati: “Ibi bivuze ko ubuzima rusange bw'umurongo bwaba buri mu kaga.”

Imyitozo myiza yo kubungabunga clutch

Ibibazo bya clutch birashobora kwirindwa, kubice byinshi, mugushira mubikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga. Muri byose, ni ngombwa gukurikiza uruganda rwasabwe kubungabunga intera.

“Mbere na mbere, buri gihe ukurikire byose hashyizwe ahagaragara intera yo kubungabunga amakuru yawe. ”Copeland yashimangiye. “Buri gihe usubiremo ibipimo byose bikora mubice bike mumato yawe kugirango bigufashe guhuza intera yawe yo kubungabunga ibikorwa byawe. Utubuto dukeneye guhinduka nkuko bambara; udufuni tumwe na tumwe dusaba ko hahindurwa intoki uko zambara, izindi zikagira kwifata. ”

Yongeyeho ko imikorere yo kwiyobora - mu itumanaho ryujuje iyo miterere - ituma clutch ihora iguma mu ihinduka ry’ibanze, yongeyeho.

Usibye guhinduka buri gihe, gufatira bisaba amavuta asanzwe.

Parsons yabisobanuye agira ati: "Kuri ubwo bwoko bwombi, amato agomba gukomeza gusiga neza sisitemu yo kurekura kugira ngo yirinde kwambara."

Hanyuma, ubwoko bwombi bwanduza busaba amazi yoherejwe guhinduka mugihe gisanzwe. Na none, amato agomba kwifashisha imfashanyigisho yoherejwe intera isabwa.

Mugihe ibice byateguwe kwambara kandi amaherezo birashobora gusaba gusimburwa, gukurikiza iyi myitozo myiza irashobora gufasha amato kubona ubuzima ntarengwa buva mumaboko yabo hamwe na AMT.