Ua ntej thaum ntxov 2000s, lub tsheb ua lag luam hnyav nrog lwm yam tsis yog manual kis tau tus mob twb yuav luag tsis hnov txog. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev thov rau kev siv phau ntawv qhia kev sib kis (AMTs) tau nce ntxiv; maj mam thaum xub thawj, ces sai dua li cov tshuab ua smoother thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Fleets pib pom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv AMTs: lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo dua li phau ntawv qhia, ntxiv rau cov neeg tsav tsheb tshiab, tsis tshua muaj kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau lawv, nthuav dav lub pas dej ntawm cov neeg sib tw siv tau - cov pab pawg pab pawg zoo siab los txais kev xav txog cov neeg tsav tsheb tsis txaus.
Niaj hnub no, AMTs yog spec'd ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb lag luam tshiab dov tawm ntawm lub Hoobkas. Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv no, txawm li cas los xij, phau ntawv hla tebchaws tsheb tseem xav tau rau ntau lub nkoj.
Becky Parsons, tus thawj tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Eaton Vehicle Group tau hais tias "Peb tseem pom qhov kev thov rau phau ntawv sib kis los ntawm cov nkoj nrog cov neeg tsav tsheb dhau los thiab hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li kev thauj khoom hnyav lossis kev pabcuam hnyav,"
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv lossis AMT cov tsheb thauj khoom yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov nkoj yuav tsum tau siv ntau yam hauv kev xav.
Transmission spec'ing hauv paus
Kev sib kis ntawm tes yuav tseem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua rau qee lub nkoj. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog rooj plaub rau cov nkoj nrog lub pas dej loj ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb uas nyiam tsav lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog lub clutch pedal es tsis yog AMT, lossis cov nkoj uas nws lub tsheb tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub luag haujlwm hnyav.
Daim ntawv thov lub tsheb yuav raug siv nyob rau hauv yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev txiav txim siab thaum spec'ing lub kis tau tus mob. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb vim qee qhov AMTs raug txwv nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li cas torque lawv tuaj yeem ua tau.
Chad Seth, tus thawj coj ntawm kev muag tsheb ntawm Rihm Kenworth hais tias "Cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau saib seb daim ntawv thov twg cov tsheb thauj khoom yuav nkag mus rau hauv," said Chad Seth. "Tshwj xeeb, lub tsheb thauj khoom uas rub qhov kawg-khoom pov tseg lossis sab-khoom pov tseg yuav xav tau hom AMT tshwj xeeb lossis mus rau tag nrho [tsis siv neeg] Allison kis tau tus mob vim qhov xav tau qis gearing. Qee qhov AMTs tsuas muaj qhov muaj peev xwm torque tsawg. "
Qhov twg AMT tsuas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws torque ntawm 1,850 ft-lbs, 18-ceev phau ntawv kis tau tus mob tuaj yeem tuav txog 2,050 ft-lbs, Seth hais.
Feem ntau ntawm cov nkoj uas tsis muaj qhov xav tau loj heev, txawm li cas los xij, tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav pom kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev hloov los ntawm phau ntawv xa mus rau AMTs. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov neeg tsav tsheb - paub txog lossis tsis tau - tuaj yeem yooj yim dua los ntawm cov yam ntxwv AMTs muab los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
"Qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm AMTs thiab phau ntawv qhia yog tias nrog AMTs, ntau dua nta thiab kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muab los ntawm lub tsheb OEM hauv thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus teb, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev siv roj," sau tseg Johan Agebrand, tus thawj coj ua lag luam ntawm Volvo Trucks North America.
Nrog rau kev cob qhia kom raug, cov nkoj loj tuaj yeem cia siab ntau ntawm lawv cov tsav tsheb los siv AMT cov yam ntxwv thiab, yog li ntawd, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, nws hais ntxiv.
"Lub sab saum toj 5 mus rau 10 feem pua ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb yuav tsis txhim kho loj heev nrog AMT, tab sis lwm qhov 90 txog 95 feem pua yuav ua tau," Agebrand tau hais.
Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias Volvo muaj cov kev pab cuam nyob deb nroog uas tso cai rau cov nkoj hloov pauv qhov ntsuas ntawm Volvo AMTs txhawm rau txhim kho lub tsheb thauj khoom rau ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Agebrand piav qhia tias "Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nkag siab yog tias lub nkoj ua haujlwm sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav, qhov chaw nyob, thiab lwm yam," Agebrand piav qhia. "Txhua lub tsheb tuaj yeem tsim kho kom xa cov roj zoo tshaj plaws, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev tsav tsheb raws li nws txoj haujlwm."
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas lub tsheb yuav tuav ib daim ntawv thov rau feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej, lub nkoj muaj peev xwm xaiv spec tus kis tau tus mob rau tej lub luag hauj lwm voj voog.
"Yog tias koj lub tsheb tab tom khiav OTR (dhau ntawm txoj kev), xyuas kom koj AMT yog spec'd rau txoj kev ceev nws yuav ntsib," said Len Copeland, Detroit cov khoom lag luam tus thawj coj. "Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias koj yog daim ntawv thov hnyav hnyav kom paub tseeb tias qhov kis tau tus mob xaiv tau tsim los tswj qhov hnyav thiab kev ua haujlwm nws yuav ntsib. Xaiv txoj cai AMT yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm hauv nkoj nrog rau kev txaus siab ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb. "
Qee qhov kev ua haujlwm AMTs, piv txwv li, muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau kev ua lag luam xws li hom off-road thiab hom tsis muaj pob zeb.
Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb lag luam tshiab raug xa tawm yog spec'd nrog AMTs, tseem muaj ntau lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog kev sib kis ntawm txoj kev niaj hnub no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom suav rau cov qauv tsheb qub uas tseem ua haujlwm los ntawm cov nkoj. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias cov kws tshaj lij hauv nkoj yuav tsum tau kawm txog kev tswj hwm thiab kev pabcuam ob qho tib si AMTs thiab phau ntawv xa mus rau yav tom ntej.
Thaum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob, AMTs thiab phau ntawv qhia zoo sib xws ntau dua li qhov lawv yuav tshwm sim thawj zaug. Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zoo sib xws uas yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas lub nkoj yog lub clutch.
Kev lag luam tsheb kis
Kev ua haujlwm clutch
Rau tus neeg tsav tsheb khiav tsheb nrog phau ntawv kis tau tus mob lossis AMT, qhov sib txawv yog pom tseeb: ib qho muaj clutch pedal thiab lwm yam tsis muaj. Zoo ib yam li kev tsav tsheb nrog kev sib kis tsis siv neeg, AMT tsuas yog siv lub accelerator thiab nres pedals. Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo sib xws, txawm li cas los xij; AMTs zoo ib yam li phau ntawv qhia ntau dua li kev sib kis tsis siv neeg hauv lawv txoj kev ua haujlwm li cas.
Raws li Allison Transmission, tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob siv hydraulic torque converter rau ob peb lub cav mus rau lub planetary-geared kis tau tus mob. Ib qho AMT, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv tus qauv phau ntawv gearbox nrog hluav taws xob lossis pneumatic clutch actuation.
Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, ib tug tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb, zoo li ib tug tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg nrog caij tsheb, muab ib tug ruaj khov, nyob ze-qhov acceleration. Ib qho AMT, ntawm qhov tod tes, hloov pauv zoo li tus qauv kev sib kis ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom qhov twg acceleration pauses thaum nws hloov.
"Mechanically, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv [nruab nrab ntawm phau ntawv thiab AMTs]," Volvo's Agebrand piav qhia. "Txawm li cas los xij, hauv AMT, lub tsheb lub khoos phis tawj siv lub clutch piv rau tib neeg tsav tsheb hauv phau ntawv. Cov algorithms hauv AMTs niaj hnub no yog qhov zoo heev uas thaum nws los txog rau qhov kev hloov pauv tiag tiag thiab cuam tshuam rau lub clutch, AMT yuav ua qhov kev hloov pauv zoo tshaj plaws 100 feem pua ntawm lub sijhawm. "
AMTs siv cov qauv tswj nrog rau kev hloov kho tshuab lossis pneumatic los ua kom lub clutch nws tus kheej, Detroit's Copeland tau hais. Qhov no tso cai rau cov kis tau tus mob hloov cov iav kom zoo li qhov ua tau. Qee qhov AMTs, nws hais ntxiv, muaj ntau hom kev tsav tsheb los pab tus neeg tsav tsheb nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv li cas.
Kev hloov pauv tau zoo dua kom ib txwm nyob hauv cov iav kom raug raws li qhov xav tau txhais tau tias AMTs hloov ntau zaus. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau muab qhov no los txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv clutch ntau dua li qhov uas ib txwm siv rau phau ntawv kis tau tus mob clutch.
"Kev tuav clutches yog ua los ntawm ib nrab-hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum AMTs siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau vim tias lawv hloov ntau zaus raws li cov tswv yim sib txawv, uas yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua li cov hlau clutch tuaj yeem muab tau," Copeland tau hais.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws tus kheej ntxiv, AMT qhov system kuj suav nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm clutch, raws li Eaton's Parsons, uas nws siv kom tsis txhob hnav ntau dhau ntawm lub clutch thiab lwm yam khoom.
Kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv yuav muaj tsawg dua sensors thiab tso siab rau tus neeg tsav tsheb kom tsis txhob overheating lub clutch thiab tsim kev hnav ntau dhau.
Zam kev puas tsuaj clutch
Kev siv tsis raug thiab kev saib xyuas tsis raug yog ob qho ntawm qhov ua rau clutch tsis ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv kis. AMTs tshem tawm tib neeg kev sib raug zoo, yog li kev siv tsis raug yog qhov teeb meem tsawg. Kev saib xyuas tsis raug, txawm li cas los xij, tseem tuaj yeem ua rau clutch tsis ua haujlwm txawm tias ntawm AMT.
Kev tswj tsis tau lub tsheb clutch kom zoo tuaj yeem ua rau kev poob qis, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm lub pedal (rau kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv), kub dhau, thiab ua tsis tiav ntxov, sau tseg Steve Toninato, tus thawj coj ntawm kev pabcuam ntawm Rihm Kenworth.
Clutch tsis ua haujlwm vim kev siv tsis raug lossis kev saib xyuas tsis raug yog, txawm li cas los xij, qee yam los ntawm kev tsim. Lub clutch nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si phau ntawv kis tau tus mob thiab AMTs yog tsim los ua ib tug tsis muaj zog point nyob rau hauv lub system uas yuav hnav los yog tawg ua ntej nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv cov kis tau tus mob nws tus kheej.
Volvo's Agebrand tau hais tias "kev saib xyuas tsis raug lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb tuaj yeem ua rau lub clutch hnav thiab tawg," Volvo's Agebrand hais. “Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev lossis hnyav, lub clutch yog tsim los ua tsis tiav; txwv tsis pub, lub zog tiag tiag thiab gearing shafts hauv kev sib kis yuav tawg. Qhov no yog tib yam rau ob qho tib si AMTs thiab phau ntawv. "
Detroit's Copeland tau sau tseg tias kev saib xyuas yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias muaj teeb meem kev sib kis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem tsheb loj.
Copeland tau sau tseg tias "Kev tswj xyuas tsis raug cai tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thoob plaws hauv lub zog hluav taws xob," Copeland tau sau tseg. "Fleets tuaj yeem ntsib kev ua haujlwm poob qis, [tsawg] kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, nce clutch tsis ua haujlwm, thiab kub dhau heev. Nco ntsoov xa mus rau koj phau ntawv saib xyuas OEM kom paub tseeb tias koj tab tom tuav koj cov cuab yeej raws li kev pom zoo los pab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no. "
Cov cim ceeb toom
Thawj kauj ruam kom tsis txhob muaj lub clutch tsis ua haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas cov cim qhia ntawm qhov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim. Cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov kws kho mob ib yam nkaus yuav tsum saib xyuas cov lus qhia tias qhov kev sib kis tau nyuaj. Kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv thiab AMTs muab cov lus ceeb toom sib txawv, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo rau ob qho tib si.
Agebrand tau hais tias "Nrog rau kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv, cov neeg tsav tsheb tau ntsib kev poob ntawm 'xav' hauv lub clutch pedal lossis tuaj yeem hnov kev sib tsoo thiab ntsib teeb meem ua tiav lub iav hloov," Agebrand tau hais.
Toninato tau sau tseg tias kev swb tuaj yeem yog lwm qhov qhia pom tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem clutch, thaum Copeland tau hais tias cov neeg tsav tsheb yuav tsum paub txog lub clutch lub tshav kub - qhov tseem ceeb uas feem ntau tuaj yeem pom pom los ntawm qhov kub hnyiab, uas siv rau ob qho tib si kev sib kis thiab AMTs.
Copeland kuj tau sau tseg tias feem ntau AMTs tau nruab nrog lub ntsuas kub clutch uas yuav ceeb toom rau tus neeg tsav tsheb thaum lub clutch kub dhau rau kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias qhov kis tau tus mob tsis hloov mus rau hauv lub iav kom zoo thaum tsav tsheb, nws yog qhov qhia tau tias qhov teeb meem clutch.
"AMTs muab cov lus ceeb toom los ntawm cov lej txhaum thiab ceeb toom rau tus neeg tsav tsheb los qhia qhov xav tau nres thiab tshuaj xyuas lub clutch," Parsons ntxiv.
Nws tau sau tseg yog tias tus neeg tsav tsheb tau txais kev ceeb toom lossis ceeb toom thaum ua haujlwm lub tsheb, tus neeg tsav tsheb yuav tsum nres lub tsheb los tshuaj xyuas lub clutch.
Kev kuaj mob thiab kho
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov teeb meem clutch kuj tuaj yeem sib txawv me ntsis ntawm kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv thiab AMTs. Rau kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv, clutch pedal xav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag yog cov kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb. AMTs, nrog rau lawv cov sensors ntxiv, feem ntau yuav muab cov lus ceeb toom thiab cov lej txhaum cai thiab tuaj yeem kuaj pom tau yooj yim dua nrog cov cuab yeej kuaj mob thiab software.
Thaum nws los kho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom hloov pauv zoo rau ob hom kev sib kis. Thaum cov tuam txhab lag luam xav pom zoo OEM cov khoom lag luam, cov nkoj loj tau qhia kom tsawg kawg siv OEM-pom zoo qhov chaw.
Copeland tau hais tias "Detroit xav kom siv cov khoom raug pom zoo los ntawm lub Hoobkas rau txhua qhov kev pabcuam thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm peb cov khoom," Copeland tau hais. "Lub Hoobkas-pom zoo qhov chaw feem ntau yog tib qhov chaw uas tau teeb tsa hauv qhov pib tsim ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom muaj tib qhov kev ntsuas nruj thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo raws li peb lub Hoobkas tsim cov khoom. "
"Koj tau txais yam koj them rau," Toninato ntxiv. Cov nqi siab dua yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua, ua rau nws tsim nyog siv nyiaj ntxiv rau pem hauv ntej kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem yav tom ntej.
Rau AMTs, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau siv lub clutch uas tau koom ua ke nrog lub kaw lus kom ua tau zoo, Parsons tau hais. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom ntawm kev tsav tsheb, suab nrov / vibration / hnyav (NVH), kev nplij siab, thiab lub neej ntawm clutch.
Nws hais ntxiv tias rau kev sib kis ntawm phau ntawv, siv qhov tseeb clutch rau daim ntawv thov ua kom lub neej ntev, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev sib koom ua ke.
"Rau ob daim ntawv thov, yog tias qhov tseeb clutch tsis siv tag nrho cov tsav tsheb yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo vim muaj kev vibrations ntau dhau," Parsons tau hais. "Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tag nrho lub neej ntawm driveline yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo."
Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho clutch
Cov teeb meem Clutch tuaj yeem zam tau, feem ntau, los ntawm kev ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas kom raug. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus pom zoo txij nkawm ncua sij hawm.
“Ua ntej thiab qhov tseem ceeb, ib txwm ua raws tag nrho luam tawm txij nkawm ncua sij hawm rau koj kis tau tus mob, "Copeland tau hais ntxiv. "Lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob peb chav nyob hauv koj lub nkoj los pab kho koj lub sijhawm saib xyuas rau koj lub tsheb ua haujlwm. clutches xav tau kev hloov kho thaum lawv hnav; Qee qhov clutches yuav tsum tau hloov kho phau ntawv thaum lawv hnav, thiab lwm tus muaj cov clutches kho tus kheej. "
Kev kho tus kheej muaj nuj nqi - hauv kev sib kis tau nruab nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawd - tso cai rau lub clutch ib txwm nyob hauv kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb, nws hais ntxiv.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua, clutches yuav tsum tau lubrication tsis tu ncua.
Parsons tau piav qhia tias "Rau ob hom clutches, fleets yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo lubrication ntawm cov txheej txheem tso tawm kom tsis txhob tso cov kabmob hnav," Parsons piav qhia.
Thaum kawg, ob qho tib si ntawm kev sib kis yuav tsum tau hloov cov kua dej sib kis ntawm lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua. Ntxiv dua thiab, fleets yuav tsum xa mus rau phau ntawv kis tau tus mob rau lub sijhawm pom zoo.
Thaum cov khoom siv tau tsim los hnav thiab thaum kawg yuav tsum tau hloov pauv, ua raws li cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws no tuaj yeem pab cov nkoj tau txais lub neej siab tshaj plaws los ntawm lawv txoj kev sib kis thiab AMT clutches.