Zulu
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
Ukucaciswa
Amalahle asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengamafutha. Ngenkathi amalahle aziwa futhi esetshenziswa izinkulungwane zeminyaka, ukusetshenziswa kwawo bekunqunyelwe kuze kube yiNguquko Yezimboni. Ngokusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu, ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kwenyukile.[catation] Ngo-2020, amalahle ahlinzeka cishe ingxenye yesine yamandla ayinhloko emhlabeni kanye nangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu kagesi wawo. Ezinye izinqubo zensimbi nensimbi nezinye zezimboni zishisa amalahle.
Ukukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwamalahle kubangela ukufa nokugula ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kulimaza imvelo, futhi kuwumthombo omkhulu we-anthropogenic we-carbon dioxide onomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nane e-carbon dioxide akhishwa ngamalahle avuthayo ngo-2020, okungamaphesenti angama-40 engqikithi yokukhishwa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi[8] kanye nangaphezulu kwama-25% engqikithi yokukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya emhlabeni. Njengengxenye yokushintshwa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke, amazwe amaningi aye anciphisa noma aqeda ukusebenzisa kwawo amandla amalahle. UNobhala-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezizwe (UN) ucele ohulumeni ukuthi bayeke ukwakha izimboni zamalahle ezintsha ngo-2020. Ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle emhlabeni wonke kwakungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.3 ngo-2022. Isidingo samalahle emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sihlale sisezingeni eliphezulu ngo-2023. 2 °C (3.6 °F) ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kudinga ukuncipha kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2030, futhi amalahle "okwehliswa" kwavunyelwana ngawo ku-Glasgow Climate Pact.
Umthengi nomthengi omkhulu wamalahle ngo-2020 kwakuyiShayina, eyenza cishe ingxenye yokukhiqiza amalahle minyaka yonke emhlabeni, kulandele iNdiya cishe ngeshumi. I-Indonesia ne-Australia zithekelisa kakhulu, kulandele iRussia.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene
Ngo-1985, i-Datong Locomotive Works yabona ukuthi izitimela zikagesi zaziyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesitimela sesitimela saseChina kanye nemboni yamasheya esikhathini esizayo, futhi yabeka phambili umbono wokukhiqiza we-"Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) kanye ne-Datong Locomotive Works".
Isitimela sikagesi sohlobo 3 lwe-Shaoshan siyisizukulwane sesibili sezwe lami esithwala abantu abangu-6 kanye nesitimela sempahla. I-locomotive isebenzisa ukulungiswa kwegagasi eligcwele kohlobo lwebhuloho futhi ibona ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ebushelelezi elawulwa yisigaba se-thyristor. Isitimela sithatha isigaba esisodwa se-AC 25kV 50Hz voltage system futhi sinesivinini sokusebenza esiphezulu esingu-100km/h.
I-SS3B fixed heavy-duty electric locomotive iyisitimela esithwala impahla esingu-12-axle. Iqukethe izitimela ezimbili ezifanayo ezinama-axle angu-6 axhunywe i-coupler kanye ne-windshield. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zifakwe izixhumi zesistimu kagesi ezinamandla kagesi, izintambo zokulawula, nokuvikela inethiwekhi. Amapayipi okulawula ulayini nomoya. Imoto yonke ingalawulwa ngendlela efanayo kunoma iyiphi i-cab. Isitimela sithatha i-single- phase power frequency system, i-voltage engu-25kV, i-AC-DC transmission, kanti isivinini esikhulu sokusebenza sesitimela singu-100km/h.
Isitimela sikagesi esithuthukisiwe i-Shaoshan 4 iyisitimela esithwala impahla esingu-8-axle. Isitimela siqukethe izitimela ezimbili ezifanayo ezinama-axle amane axhunywe i-coupler kanye ne-windshield. Lezi zindawo zokusebenzela ezimbili zifakwe izixhumi ezinamandla kagesi aphezulu, izintambo zokulawula ukuxhuma kabusha kanye namapayipi okulawula amabhuleki emoyeni. Imoto yonke ingalawulwa ngokuhambisanayo ukusuka kukhabhu yomshayeli yanoma iyiphi enye yezimoto. Izitimela ezimbili nazo zingahlukaniswa futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuzimela njengesitimela esinama-axle amane.