Senyesemane
Lintlha tsa Sehlahisoa
Tlhaloso
Mashala a sebelisoa haholo-holo e le libeso. Le hoja mashala a tsebahala le ho sebelisoa ka lilemo tse likete, tšebeliso ea oona e ne e lekanyelitsoe ho fihlela Phetohelo ea Liindasteri. Ka ho qaptjoa ha enjene ea mouoane, tšebeliso ea mashala e ile ea eketseha. [ho qotsoa] Ka 2020, mashala a ile a fana ka hoo e ka bang kotara ea matla a mantlha a lefats'e le ho feta karolo ea boraro ea motlakase oa eona. Mekhoa e meng ea ho etsa tšepe le tšepe le mekhoa e meng ea indasteri e chesa mashala.
Ho ntšoa le ho sebelisoa ha mashala ho baka lefu le ho kula pele ho nako. Tšebeliso ea mashala e senya tikoloho, 'me ke mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa carbon dioxide o tlatsetsang phetohong ea maemo a leholimo. Lithane tse limilione tse likete tse leshome le metso e mene tsa carbon dioxide li ile tsa ntšoa ke mashala a tukang ka 2020, e leng 40% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea mafura a khale [8] le ho feta 25% ea kakaretso ea khase e futhumatsang lefatše. E le karolo ea phetoho ea motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara, linaha tse ngata li fokolitse kapa li felisitse tšebeliso ea tsona ea matla a mashala. Mongoli-Kakaretso oa Machaba a Kopaneng o ile a kōpa mebuso hore e khaotse ho haha limela tse ncha tsa mashala ka 2020. Tšebeliso ea mashala lefatšeng ka bophara e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 8.3 ka 2022. Tlhokahalo ea mashala lefatšeng ka bophara e tla lula e le boemong ba rekoto ka 2023. Ho finyella sepheo sa Tumellano ea Paris ea ho boloka ho futhumala ha lefatše ka tlase. 2 °C (3.6 °F) ts'ebeliso ea mashala e hloka ho fokotseha ho tloha ka 2020 ho isa 2030, 'me mashala a "ho theola" ho ile ha lumellanoa ka Tumellano ea Tlelaemete ea Glasgow.
Moreki le moreki oa mashala kantle ho naha ka 2020 e ne e le China, e ikarabellang hoo e ka bang halofo ea tlhahiso ea mashala ea selemo le selemo, e lateloe ke India ka karolo ea leshome. Indonesia le Australia di romela kantle ho naha ka ho fetisisa, e latelwe ke Russia.
Lihlahisoa tse Amanang
Ka 1985, Datong Locomotive Works e ile ea hlokomela hore li-locomotives tsa motlakase e ne e le tataiso ea bohlokoa ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea literene tsa China le li-stock stock nakong e tlang, 'me ea hlahisa mohopolo oa tlhahiso ea "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) le Datong Locomotive Works".
Terene ea motlakase ea Mofuta oa 3 ea Shaoshan ke moloko oa bobeli oa naha ea heso oa li-axle tse 6 le terene ea thepa. Locomotive e amohela tokiso ea maqhubu a maqhubu a borokho 'me e hlokomela taolo e boreleli ea motlakase e laoloang ke mohato oa thyristor. Locomotive e nka karolo e le 'ngoe ea tsamaiso ea motlakase ea AC 25kV 50Hz mme e na le lebelo le phahameng la ho sebetsa la 100km/h.
Setimela sa motlakase se tsitsitseng sa SS3B ke seporo sa motlakase sa 12-axle. E na le li-locomotives tse peli tse tšoanang tsa 6-axle tse hokahaneng ke coupler le windshield. Likarolo tsena tse peli li na le likhokahano tsa motlakase tse phahameng haholo, lithapo tsa taolo le tšireletso ea marang-rang. Litsela tsa tsamaiso ea mela le moea. Koloi kaofela e ka laoloa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho tsoa ho k'habi efe kapa efe. Locomotive e sebelisa tsamaiso ea maqhubu a motlakase oa mohato o le mong, motlakase oa 25kV, phetisetso ea AC-DC, 'me lebelo le phahameng la ho sebetsa la locomotive ke 100km/h.
Terene ea motlakase ea Shaoshan 4 e ntlafalitsoeng ke terene e tsamaisang thepa ea 8-axle. Terene e na le literene tse peli tse ts'oanang tse nang le li-axle tse 'nè tse hokahaneng ke li- coupler le windshield. Lithupelo tsena tse peli li na le likhokahanyo tse matla haholo bakeng sa sistimi ea motlakase, likhoele tsa taolo ea ho hokela hape le likotopo tsa taolo ea brake system. Koloi kaofela e ka laoloa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho tsoa ho mokhanni oa koloi efe kapa efe ea likoloi. Li-locomotives tse peli le tsona li ka aroloa 'me tsa sebelisoa ka boikemelo joalo ka terene ea li-axle tse' nè.