Nceda
Iinkcukacha zeMveliso
Inkcazo
Amalahle asetyenziswa ikakhulu njengamafutha. Ngelixa amalahle ebesaziwa kwaye esetyenziswa kangangamawaka eminyaka, ukusetyenziswa kwawo bekulinganiselwe de kube yiRevolution Revolution. Ngokuyilwa kwe-injini yomphunga, ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kunyukile. [icatshulwa] Ngo-2020, amalahle abonelele malunga nekota yamandla aphambili ehlabathi kunye nangaphezulu kwesithathu sombane wawo. Ezinye iinkqubo zokwenza i-iron nentsimbi nezinye iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso zitshisa amalahle.
Ukukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamalahle kubangela ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokugula. Ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle yonakalisa imo engqongileyo, kwaye ngowona mthombo mkhulu we-anthropogenic wecarbon dioxide enegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ishumi elinesine leebhiliyoni zeetoni zekharbon dayokhsayidi zakhutshwa ngamalahle avuthayo ngo-2020, eyi-40% yokukhutshwa kwamafutha efosili [8] nangaphezulu kwe-25% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse iyonke. Njengenxalenye yotshintsho lwamandla ehlabathini lonke, amazwe amaninzi aye anciphisa okanye akwaphelisa ukusebenzisa kwawo amandla amalahle. UNobhala Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo ucele oorhulumente ukuba bayeke ukwakha izitshizi zamalahle ezitsha ngo-2020. Ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kwihlabathi jikelele bekuyi-8.3 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni ngo-2022. Imfuno yamalahle yehlabathi imiselwe ukuba ihlale ikwinqanaba lerekhodi ngo-2023. I-2 °C (3.6 °F) yokusetyenziswa kwamalahle kufuneka yehliswe ngesiqingatha ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2030, kwaye "ukunciphisa" amalahle kwakuvunyelwene ngawo kwiSivumelwano seMozulu seGlasgow.
Oyena mthengi mkhulu kunye nomthengisi wamalahle kweli ngo-2020 yayiyi-China, ethatha phantse isiqingatha semveliso yamalahle yonyaka, ilandelwa yi-Indiya malunga neshumi. I-Indonesia ne-Australia zithumela ngaphandle kakhulu, zilandelwa yiRussia.
Iimveliso ezinxulumeneyo
Ngo-1985, i-Datong Locomotive Works yaqaphela ukuba ii-locomotives zombane yayiyeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yophuhliso lwe-locomotive kaloliwe wase-China kunye noshishino lwempahla yempahla kwixesha elizayo, kwaye yabeka phambili ingcamango yoyilo lwemveliso ye "Nanzhu (iZhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) kunye neDatong Locomotive Works".
I-Shaoshan Type 3 locomotive yombane sisizukulwana sesibini selizwe lam labakhweli abane-asi e-6 kunye nelocomotive yempahla. I-locomotive ithatha ibhulorho-uhlobo olupheleleyo ukulungiswa kwamaza kwaye iqonda ukulawulwa kombane ogudileyo wesigaba se-thyristor. I-locomotive ithatha i-single-phase ye-AC 25kV 50Hz inkqubo yombane kwaye inesantya esiphezulu se-100km / h.
I-SS3B egxininisiweyo ye-locomotive yombane enzima yi-12-axle yomthwalo we-locomotive yombane. Iqulethe iilocomotives ezimbini ezifanayo ezine-axle ezi-6 ezidityaniswe yi-coupler kunye ne-windshield. La macandelo mabini axhotyiswe ngesixokelelwano sombane esine-voltage ephezulu, iintambo zokulawula, kunye nokukhusela inethiwekhi. Imibhobho yokulawula umgca kunye nomoya. Isithuthi sonke sinokulawulwa ngolungelelwano kuyo nayiphi na i-cab. I-locomotive ithatha inkqubo ye-frequency power frequency system, i-voltage 25kV, i-AC-DC transmission, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza kwi-locomotive yi-100km / h.
I-locomotive yombane i-Shaoshan 4 yi-8-axle yokuthutha impahla. I-locomotive inee-locomotive ezimbini ezifanayo ezine-axle ezine ezidityaniswe yi-coupler kunye ne-windshield. Ezi workshops zimbini zixhotyiswe ngeziqhagamshelo eziphezulu ze-voltage zenkqubo yombane, iintambo zokulawula ukudibanisa kwakhona kunye nemigudu yokulawula i-air brake system. Isithuthi siphela sinokulawulwa ngolungelelwano ukusuka kwikhebhu yomqhubi wayo nayiphi na enye yezithuthi. Izitimela ezimbini zinokwahlulwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokuzimeleyo njenge locomotive ene-axle ezine.