Rwanda
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ibisobanuro
Amakara akoreshwa cyane cyane nka lisansi. Mugihe amakara yamenyekanye kandi akoreshwa mumyaka ibihumbi, imikoreshereze yayo yari mike kugeza Revolution Revolution. Hifashishijwe moteri ya parike, ikoreshwa ry’amakara ryiyongereye. Gukora ibyuma nicyuma nibindi bikorwa byinganda bitwika amakara.
Gukuramo no gukoresha amakara bitera urupfu n'indwara bitaragera. Gukoresha amakara byangiza ibidukikije, kandi ni isoko nini ya antropogeneque ya dioxyde de carbone igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Toni miliyari enye za karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone yasohowe no gutwika amakara mu 2020, ni ukuvuga 40% by’ibicuruzwa byose biva mu kirere [8] hamwe na 25% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Mu rwego rwo guhindura ingufu ku isi hose, ibihugu byinshi byagabanije cyangwa bivanaho gukoresha ingufu z’amakara. Umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye yasabye guverinoma guhagarika kubaka inganda nshya z’amakara bitarenze 2020. Ikoreshwa ry’amakara ku isi ryari toni miliyari 8.3 mu 2022. Isabwa ry’amakara ku isi rizakomeza kuba ku rwego rwo hejuru mu 2023. Kugira ngo intego y’amasezerano y'i Paris igumane ubushyuhe bw’isi munsi 2 ° C (3,6 ° F) ikoreshwa ry’amakara rigomba kugabanuka kuva muri 2020 kugeza 2030, kandi amakara "gukuraho" yemeranijwe mu masezerano y’ikirere ya Glasgow.
Abaguzi benshi kandi batumiza mu mahanga amakara mu 2020 ni Ubushinwa, bungana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’umusaruro w’amakara ku isi ku isi, ugakurikirwa n’Ubuhinde hamwe na kimwe cya cumi. Indoneziya na Ositaraliya byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi, bikurikirwa n'Uburusiya.
Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano
Mu 1985, Datong Lokomotive Works yatahuye ko moteri y’amashanyarazi aricyo cyerekezo cy’iterambere cy’inganda za gari ya moshi n’Ubushinwa mu gihe kiri imbere, maze ishyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cy’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa bya "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Lokomotive Works) na Datong Lokomotive Work".
Shaoshan Ubwoko bwa lokomoteri yo mu bwoko bwa 3 nigisekuru cyanjye cya kabiri mugihugu cyanjye 6-axe itwara abagenzi hamwe na moteri. Lokomoteri ifata ikiraro-cyuzuye cyuzuye-ikosora kandi ikamenya icyiciro cya thyristor igenzurwa neza na voltage igenga. Lokomoteri ifata sisitemu imwe ya AC 25kV 50Hz ya voltage kandi ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 100km / h.
SS3B yashizwemo na moteri iremereye cyane yamashanyarazi ni moteri ya 12-imizigo yamashanyarazi. Igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa 6-zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Ibice byombi bifite ibikoresho bya sisitemu yumuriro mwinshi-uhuza, insinga zo kugenzura, hamwe nu kurinda imiyoboro. Imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa icyarimwe kuva cab. Lokomoteri ikoresha sisitemu imwe yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa voltage, voltage 25kV, imiyoboro ya AC-DC, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukora wa lokomoteri ni 100km / h.
Shaoshan 4 yateje imbere amashanyarazi ni moteri ya 8-axe yimodoka. Lokomoteri igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa zisa zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Amahugurwa yombi afite ibikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi menshi kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, insinga zo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe na feri yo kugenzura feri yo mu kirere. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa mugihe kimwe cyabashoferi ba kinyabiziga kimwe. Lokomoteri ebyiri nazo zirashobora gutandukana kandi zigakoreshwa mu bwigenge nka moteri enye.