hausa
Cikakken Bayani
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai
Ana amfani da gawayi da farko azaman mai. Yayin da aka san gawayi kuma aka yi amfani da shi tsawon dubban shekaru, an iyakance amfani da shi har sai juyin juya halin masana'antu. Tare da ƙirƙirar injin tururi, yawan amfani da gawayi ya ƙaru. A cikin 2020, kwal yana ba da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na makamashi na farko a duniya da sama da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na wutar lantarki. Wasu ƙarfe da ƙarfe da sauran hanyoyin masana'antu suna ƙone kwal.
Hakowa da amfani da kwal yana haifar da mutuwa da rashin lafiya da wuri. Amfani da gawayi yana lalata muhalli, kuma shine mafi girma tushen iskar carbon dioxide da ke ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi. Tan biliyan goma sha huɗu na carbon dioxide an fitar da su ta hanyar kona kwal a cikin 2020, wanda shine kashi 40% na jimillar hayaƙin mai[8] da sama da kashi 25% na jimillar hayaƙin da ake fitarwa a duniya. A matsayin wani ɓangare na canjin makamashi a duniya, ƙasashe da yawa sun rage ko kawar da amfani da makamashin kwal. Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bukaci gwamnatoci da su daina gina sabbin masana'antun kwal nan da shekarar 2020. Amfani da kwal a duniya ya kai tan biliyan 8.3 a shekarar 2022. Bukatar kwal na duniya zai ci gaba da kasancewa a matakin tarihi a shekarar 2023. Don cimma burin yarjejeniyar Paris na kiyaye dumamar yanayi a kasa. 2 °C (3.6 °F) amfani da kwal yana buƙatar ragewa daga 2020 zuwa 2030, kuma an amince da "ƙasa ƙasa" kwal a cikin Yarjejeniyar Yanayi na Glasgow.
Mafi yawan masu amfani da kwal a shekarar 2020 ita ce kasar Sin, wacce ta kai kusan rabin abin da ake noman kwal a duk shekara, sai Indiya da kusan kashi goma. Indonesiya da Ostiraliya ne suka fi fitar da kayayyaki, sai kuma Rasha.
Samfura masu dangantaka
A shekarar 1985, Datong Locomotive Works ya gane cewa, motocin lantarki su ne muhimmin alkiblar ci gaban masana'antar sufurin jiragen kasa da na jigilar kayayyaki a nan gaba, kuma ta gabatar da ra'ayin samar da "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) da Datong Locomotive Works".
Motocin lantarki na nau'in Shaoshan na 3 shine fasinja mai tsayin daka 6 na kasata na biyu da kuma motocin daukar kaya. Locomotive yana ɗaukar gyaran nau'in gada mai cikakken raƙuman ruwa kuma ya gane ka'idodin ƙarfin lantarki mai sauƙin sarrafa lokacin thyristor. Locomotive yana ɗaukar tsarin wutar lantarki guda ɗaya AC 25kV 50Hz kuma yana da matsakaicin saurin aiki na 100km/h.
SS3B ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin lantarki mai nauyi mai nauyi ne mai ɗaukar nauyi na lantarki mai ɗaukar nauyi 12. Ya ƙunshi locomotives iri ɗaya guda 6-axle guda biyu waɗanda aka haɗa ta ma'aurata da gilashin iska. Sassan guda biyu suna sanye take da tsarin wutar lantarki masu haɗa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, igiyoyi masu sarrafawa, da garkuwar hanyar sadarwa. Layi da hanyoyin sarrafa iska. Ana iya sarrafa gaba dayan abin hawa ta aiki tare daga kowace taksi. Locomotive yana ɗaukar tsarin mitar wutar lantarki guda ɗaya, ƙarfin lantarki 25kV, watsa AC-DC, kuma matsakaicin saurin aiki na locomotive shine 100km/h.
Shaoshan 4 ingantattun locomotive na lantarki shine locomotive mai ɗaukar nauyi mai girman axle. Locomotive ɗin ya ƙunshi na'urori guda biyu iri ɗaya guda huɗu waɗanda aka haɗa ta ma'aurata da gilashin iska. Taron bita guda biyu an sanye shi da manyan na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki don tsarin lantarki, igiyoyin kula da sake haɗawa da na'urorin sarrafa birki na iska. Ana iya sarrafa gaba dayan abin hawa ta aiki tare daga taksi ɗin direba na kowane ɗayan motocin. Hakanan za'a iya raba locomotives guda biyu kuma a yi amfani da su daban-daban azaman locomotive mai tsayi huɗu.