Umsuka Wekhabhoni Ecushiwe nokuthi Yenziwa Kanjani

Izinto eziphilayo lapho zishiswa zizokhiqiza ikhabhoni. Ukwakha ikhabhoni ecushiwe, izinto eziwumthombo wezinto eziphilayo kufanele zibe yi-carbonaceous. Ngamanye amazwi, udinga umthombo wempahla okhiqiza amalahle amaningi uma eshisiwe. Ezinye izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza amalahle acushiwe zihlanganisa igobolondo likakhukhunathi, i-sawdust, izinkuni, uqalo, i-willow peat, i-coir, imigodi yamapentshisi, i-petroleum pitch, namalahle. Uma lezi zinto sezishisiwe uthola amalahle. Kodwa-ke, leli lahle alikakasebenzi ikhabhoni. Badinga ukwenza inqubo "yokuvula" ukudala izigidi zezimbotshana ezincane ebusweni bayo. Kuze kube manje, kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokwenza "kusebenze"; ukusebenza okushisayo noma kwamakhemikhali.

Ukwenza kusebenze okushisayo

Njengoba ungase uqagele ngegama layo ukwenza kusebenze okushisayo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kokushisa ukuze kwakheke izimbotshana endaweni yekhabhoni noma yamalahle. Ukunemba kakhudlwana, ikhabhoni noma amalahle achayeka kumagesi ashisayo nesitimu. Yonke inqubo yokwenza kusebenze okushisayo ihilela ukuncishiswa komswakama, ukunciphisa ama-volatile, i-carbonization, nokwelashwa kwesitimu. Amagesi asetshenziswa ekwenzeni kusebenze okushisayo ahlanganisa i-carbon, i-nitrogen, noma i-argon.

Ukusebenza Kwekhemikhali

Ukwenza kusebenze amakhemikhali, nakho okuvela egameni ngokwalo, kusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukwenza izimbotshana ze-carbon ecushiwe. Ngaphambi kokuba i-organic matter iguqulwe ibe yikhabhoni. Amakhemikhali, ngokuvamile isisekelo esiqinile, i-asidi, noma usawoti, ayengezwa entweni ephilayo. Uma izinto eziphilayo ezilashwe ngamakhemikhali zishiswa ukuze kudaleke amalahle, uthola amalahle acushiwe noma ikhabhoni ecushiwe.

Isebenza Kanjani Ikhabhoni Ecushiwe?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ikhabhoni ecushiwe isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yendawo yayo enkulu. Okunye okuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwe-Actiated Carbon kuzihlungi. Lapho uketshezi noma umoya uhlangana nekhabhoni ecushiwe, izimbotshana ezincane ezikhona endaweni yazo zingabamba futhi zibambe ama-molecule akhona oketshezini noma emoyeni. La ma-molecule angaba yinoma yini, kuhlanganise nezinto ezingcolisayo, kodwa hhayi amanzi noma umoya. Empeleni, I-Actiated Carbon iyakwazi ukukhangisa amakhemikhali angafuneki akhona kokubili emoyeni nasemanzini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Actiated Carbon ingasebenza njenge-catalyst noma into ekhuthaza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-chlorine iyisibulala-magciwane esixutshwa emanzini kodwa uma ihlangana nekhabhoni ecushiwe basabela ngayo bese ikhiqiza ama-ion e-chloride njengomkhiqizo okhiqizwayo. Le mpahla ye-Actiated Carbon iyenza into efanelekile yokukhipha i-chlorine emanzini.

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe inamandla okuqeda inqwaba yezinto ezingcolisayo emoyeni nasemanzini. Nokho, ikhono layo lokususa lokhu kungcola lithintwa kakhulu izici ezifana nenani lezinto ezingcolisayo ezikhona, izinga lokushisa, i-asidi, kanye nesikhathi sokuthintana. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhabhoni ecushiwe futhi ngayinye ifaneleka kakhulu injongo ethile uma iqhathaniswa nayo yonke. Lezo zinhlobo ze-Actiated Carbon enezimbotshana ezikhudlwana zifaneleka kakhulu ekubambeni ama-molecule amakhulu nasindayo njengamakhemikhali emvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo zinhlobo zekhabhoni ecushiwe enezimbotshana ezicolekile zilungele ukukhangisa ukungcola okuncane nokulula. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi ikhabhoni ecushiwe okufanele isetshenziswe kwenziwa lula ngabakhiqizi njengoba bevame ukuyilebula ngamandla abo e-adsorption.