Rwanda
Tuvuze nka karubone ikora cyangwa amakara akoreshwa ni uburyo bwa karubone ifite umunota, imyenge mikeya ikikije ubuso bwayo. Iyi minota ya pore itanga ibi bikoresho ahantu hanini. Mubyukuri, ubuso bwa karubone ikora ni nini cyane kuburyo ikiyiko cya karubone ikora gishobora kugira ubuso bumwe nkikibuga cyumupira wamaguru. Iyi minota ya pore ikora nkubuso bwa reaction ya chimique. Usibye ibyo, bashoboza karubone ikora kuri adsorb urwego runini rwimiti. Iyi mitungo ituma karubone ikora ikora cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye. Ndetse nibyiza, karubone ikora irashobora kuvurwa imiti kugirango itezimbere cyane ubushobozi bwayo.
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ibisobanuro ku bicuruzwa
Ibintu kama iyo bitwitse byabyara karubone. Kurema karubone ikora, ibintu kama kama bigomba kuba karubone. Muyandi magambo, ukeneye ibikoresho bitanga isoko yamakara menshi iyo yatwitse. Bimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora amakara akoreshwa harimo igikonoshwa cyitwa cocout, ibiti, ibiti, imigano, ifu ya shitingi, coir, ibinogo byamashanyarazi, ikibuga cya peteroli, hamwe namakara. Ibyo bikoresho bimaze gutwikwa ubona amakara. Nyamara, aya makara ntabwo arakora karubone. Bakeneye kunyura muri "activation" kugirango baremere amamiriyoni mato mato hejuru yayo. Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bubiri gusa bwa "activation"; gukora ubushyuhe cyangwa imiti.
Nkuko ushobora kubitekereza mwizina ryayo gukora ubushyuhe burimo gukoresha ubushyuhe kugirango habeho imyenge hejuru ya karubone cyangwa amakara. Kugirango bisobanutse neza, karubone cyangwa amakara ahura na gaze zishyushye hamwe na parike. Igikorwa cyose cyo gukora amashyuza kirimo kugabanya ubushuhe, kugabanya ibinyabuzima, karubone, hamwe no kuvura amavuta. Imyuka ikoreshwa mugukoresha ubushyuhe irimo karubone, azote, cyangwa argon.
Gukora imiti, nayo kuva mwizina ubwayo, ikoresha imiti kugirango ikore imyuka ya karubone ikora. Mbere yuko ibinyabuzima bihinduka karubone. Imiti, ubusanzwe ikomeye, aside, cyangwa umunyu, byongewe kubintu kama. Iyo imiti ivura imiti yatwitswe kugirango ikore amakara, ubona amakara yakoreshejwe cyangwa karubone ikora aho.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, karubone ikora ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu kubera ubuso bunini bwayo. Imikorere imwe isanzwe ya Carbone ikora ni muyungurura. Iyo amazi cyangwa umwuka bihuye na karubone ikora, umunota wiminota uboneka hejuru yacyo wafata kandi ugafata molekile ziboneka mumazi cyangwa mwuka. Izi molekile zirashobora kuba ikintu cyose, harimo umwanda, ariko ntabwo ari amazi cyangwa umwuka. Mubusanzwe, Carbone ikora irashobora kwamamaza imiti itifuzwa iboneka mumyuka n'amazi. Usibye ibyo, Carbone ikora irashobora gukora nka catalizator cyangwa ikindi kintu gitera imiti. Kurugero, chlorine ni disinfectant ivangwa mumazi ariko iyo ihuye na karubone ikora bari kubyitwaramo ikabyara ioni ya chloride nkibicuruzwa. Iyi mitungo ya Carbone ikora ikora ibikoresho byiza byo gukuraho chlorine mumazi.
Carbone ikora ifite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho ibintu byinshi bihumanya ikirere n'amazi. Nyamara, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukuraho ibyo bihumanya bigira ingaruka cyane kubintu nkubwinshi bwumwanda uhari, ubushyuhe, acide, nigihe cyo guhura. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa karubone ikora kandi buri kimwe gikwiranye nintego runaka ugereranije nibindi. Ubwo bwoko bwa Carbone ikora ifite imyenge nini ugereranije irakwiriye gufata imitego minini kandi iremereye nka chimique organic. Kimwe kurundi ruhande, ubwo bwoko bwa karubone ikora ifite imyenge myiza irakwiriye kumenyekanisha ibintu bito kandi byoroheje. Kumenya karubone ikora kugirango ikoreshwe byoroshe nababikora kuko akenshi babirango hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwa adsorption.
Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano
Mu 1985, Datong Lokomotive Works yatahuye ko moteri y’amashanyarazi aricyo cyerekezo cy’iterambere cy’inganda za gari ya moshi n’Ubushinwa mu gihe kiri imbere, maze ishyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cy’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa bya "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Lokomotive Works) na Datong Lokomotive Work".
Shaoshan Ubwoko bwa lokomoteri yo mu bwoko bwa 3 nigisekuru cyanjye cya kabiri mugihugu cyanjye 6-axe itwara abagenzi hamwe na moteri. Lokomoteri ifata ikiraro-cyuzuye cyuzuye-ikosora kandi ikamenya icyiciro cya thyristor igenzurwa neza na voltage igenga. Lokomoteri ifata sisitemu imwe ya AC 25kV 50Hz ya voltage kandi ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 100km / h.
SS3B yashizwemo na moteri iremereye cyane yamashanyarazi ni moteri ya 12-imizigo yamashanyarazi. Igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa 6-zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Ibice byombi bifite ibikoresho bya sisitemu yumuriro mwinshi-uhuza, insinga zo kugenzura, hamwe nu kurinda imiyoboro. Imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa icyarimwe kuva cab. Lokomoteri ikoresha sisitemu imwe yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa voltage, voltage 25kV, imiyoboro ya AC-DC, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukora wa lokomoteri ni 100km / h.
Shaoshan 4 yateje imbere amashanyarazi ni moteri ya 8-axe yimodoka. Lokomoteri igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa zisa zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Amahugurwa yombi afite ibikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi menshi kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, insinga zo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe na feri yo kugenzura feri yo mu kirere. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa mugihe kimwe cyabashoferi ba kinyabiziga kimwe. Lokomoteri ebyiri nazo zirashobora gutandukana kandi zigakoreshwa mu bwigenge nka moteri enye.