Chinorwe
Amoxicillin [1] [2] (Inn: amoxicillin), yomwe imatanthauzidwanso kuti amoxicillin kapena amoxicillin, yemwe dzina lake lenileni ndi amoxicillin [3], ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakamwa a β -lactam, omwe ali ndi bacteriolytic effect ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. kuchiza matenda a bakiteriya omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda [4]. Izi ndi mankhwala oyamba a otitis media, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza zizindikiro monga streptococcal pharyngitis, chibayo, cellulitis ndi matenda amkodzo thirakiti [4]. Kuphatikizidwa ndi clavulanic acid, kukana kwa mankhwala kwa mabakiteriya kumatha kufooka.
Zambiri Zamalonda
Zotsatira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo nseru ndi zidzolo [4], komanso zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha candidiasis; Ngati ataphatikizidwa ndi clavulanic acid (yomwe ndi amoxicillin clavulanic acid potaziyamu), pamakhala zotsatira zoyipa za kutsekula m'mimba [5]. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi penicillin; Odwala aimpso kulephera akhoza kutenga mankhwala, koma mlingo ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Kumwa mankhwala panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati komanso kuyamwitsa sikuwonetsa vuto lililonse [4].
Amoxicillin adalembedwa mu 1972 [6]. Mankhwalawa amalembedwa pamndandanda wamankhwala ofunikira a World Health Organisation, omwe ndi amodzi mwamankhwala ofunikira m'chipatala [7] komanso maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ana [8]. Amoxicillin ndi mankhwala asayansi [4]. Mtengo wa mankhwala aliwonse uli pakati pa 0.02 ndi 0.05 USD [9]. Ku United States, chithandizo cha masiku khumi chimawononga pafupifupi $16 [4].
Amoxicillin BP
Amoxicillin 250 mg makapisozi
mfundo zochita
Amoxicillin amagwira ntchito poletsa kaphatikizidwe ka ma cell a bakiteriya. Imalepheretsa kulumikizana pakati pa maunyolo amtundu wa peptidoglycan polima omwe ndi zigawo zazikulu zamakoma a cell a mabakiteriya a Gram-positive ndi mabakiteriya a gram-negative.
zotsatira zoipa
Zotsatira zake ndi monga nseru, kusanza, kupsa mtima ndi antibiotic colitis, komanso kutsekula m'mimba. Nthawi zina, zolemba zachipatala zimasonyeza kuti zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa maganizo, chizungulire, kusokonezeka maganizo, nkhawa, ndi paranoia (kukhudzidwa kwa kuwala, phokoso, ndi malingaliro osadziwika bwino).
anaphylactic reaction
Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha amoxicillin zitha kuyembekezera zosayembekezereka komanso zowopsa, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chiyenera kufunidwa posachedwa. Kuchita kwamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi kusintha kwamaganizidwe koyambirira, kutsatiridwa ndi zotupa pakhungu limodzi ndi kuyabwa mwamphamvu (nthawi zambiri kumayambira chala ndi kuzungulira groin ndikufalikira mwachangu), kumva kutentha, nseru ndi kusanza. Zizindikiro zina zilizonse zomwe sizikuwoneka ngati zokayikitsa ziyenera kuthetsedwa mozama.
Amoxicillin osati zotupa pakhungu.
3-10% ya ana amamwa amoxicillin (kapena ampicillin) ndikutuluka totupa (maola 72 atamwa penicillin), koma zimatha kuchitikanso kwa akulu. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "amoxicillin zidzolo".
Zidzolo zimafotokozedwa ngati zidzolo za maculopapular kapena chikuku (ngati chikuku), motero amatchedwa "zidzolo zonga chikuku zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi amoxicillin" m'mabuku azachipatala. Zimayambira mu thunthu ndikufalikira kuchokera pamenepo. Sikuti ziwengo zenizeni, ndipo palibe chifukwa choyimitsa dongosolo lamankhwala lomwe lilipo. Komabe, zidzolo zodziwika bwino za amoxicillin izi komanso zowopsa zomwe zimachitika mthupi sizovuta kuzisiyanitsa.
Non-allergenic amoxicillin totupa amatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 80-90% ya odwala amakhala ndi zidzolo akatenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a EB ndikuthandizidwa ndi amoxicillin kapena ampicillin.
Zogwirizana nazo
Mu 1985, Datong Locomotive Works anazindikira kuti ma locomotives magetsi anali zofunika chitukuko malangizo a China njanji ndi anagubuduza makampani katundu m'tsogolo, ndi kuika patsogolo kupanga masanjidwe lingaliro la "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Zamagetsi Locomotive Works) ndi Datong Locomotive Works".
Shaoshan Type 3 locomotive magetsi ndi m'badwo wachiwiri wa dziko langa okwera 6-axle okwera ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu. Locomotive imatengera kukonzanso kwamtundu wa mlatho wodzaza ndi mafunde ndikuzindikira kuwongolera kosalala kwamagetsi kwa thyristor. The locomotive utenga limodzi gawo AC 25kV 50Hz voteji dongosolo ndipo ali pazipita ntchito liwiro la 100km/h.
SS3B fixed heavy-duty electric locomotive ndi 12-axle yonyamula katundu yamagetsi. Ili ndi ma locomotives awiri ofanana 6-axle olumikizidwa ndi coupler ndi windshield. Magawo awiriwa ali ndi zolumikizira zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri, zingwe zowongolera, ndi chitetezo chamaneti. Njira zowongolera mizere ndi mpweya. Galimoto yonse imatha kuyendetsedwa molumikizana ndi kabati iliyonse. Locomotive utenga single-gawo mphamvu pafupipafupi dongosolo, voteji 25kV, AC-DC kufala, ndi pazipita ntchito liwiro la locomotive ndi 100km/h.
Shaoshan 4 yokonzedwa bwino yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi 8-axle yonyamula katundu. Locomotive ili ndi ma locomotive awiri ofanana a ma axle anayi olumikizidwa ndi coupler ndi windshield. Ma workshop awiriwa ali ndi zolumikizira zamphamvu kwambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi, zingwe zolumikizirananso ndi ma ducts owongolera ma brake system. Galimoto yonse imatha kuwongoleredwa kuchokera pagalimoto yoyendetsa galimoto iliyonse. Ma locomotive awiriwa amathanso kupatulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha ngati locomotive ya ma axle anayi.