ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
ʻO Amoxicillin [1] [2] (Inn: amoxicillin), i unuhi ʻia ʻo amoxicillin a i ʻole amoxicillin, nona ka inoa maoli ʻo amoxicillin [3], he mea maʻamau o ka waha ākea ākea β-lactam antibiotic, nona ka hopena bacteriolytic a hoʻohana nui ʻia. e mālama i nā maʻi bacteria i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā microorganisms maʻalahi [4]. ʻO kēia huahana ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua no ka otitis media, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā hōʻailona e like me streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, cellulitis a me ka maʻi urinary tract [4]. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka waikawa clavulanic, hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali maikaʻi ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana o ka lāʻau bacteria.
Nā kikoʻī huahana
ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau e pili ana i ka nausea a me ka ʻūlū [4], a hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka candidiasis; Inā hui pū ʻia me ka waikawa clavulanic (ʻo ia hoʻi ka amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium), e loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka maʻi maʻi [5]. Mai hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka poʻe maʻi i ka penicillin; Hiki i nā poʻe maʻi me ka hemahema o ka renal ke lawe i kēia huahana, akā pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka pōʻino i kēia manawa [4].
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Amoxicillin i ka makahiki 1972 [6]. Ua helu ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka papa inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi o ka World Health Organization, ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana olakino [7] a me ka lāʻau antibiotic i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā keiki [8]. No ka lāʻau ʻepekema ʻo Amoxicillin [4]. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai nui o kēlā me kēia lāʻau ma waena o 0.02 a me 0.05 USD [9]. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he ʻumi lā o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i $16 [4].
ʻO Amoxicillin BP
Amoxicillin 250 mg capsules
kumu hana
Hoʻohana ʻo Amoxicillin ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka synthesis o nā paia cell bacteria. Kāohi ia i ka pilina ma waena o nā kaulahao polymer peptidoglycan linear ʻo ia nā mea nui o nā paia cell o Gram-positive bacteria a me Gram-negative bacteria.
hopena ʻino
ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka huhū a me ka colitis antibiotic, a hiki i ka maʻi maʻi. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hōʻike nā moʻolelo lapaʻau i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i nā loli noʻonoʻo, ʻūlū, huikau noʻonoʻo, hopohopo, a me ka paranoia (ʻike i ka mālamalama, kani, a me nā manaʻo maopopo ʻole).
ka hopena anaphylactic
ʻO ka hopena maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka amoxicillin hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia a koʻikoʻi, a pono e ʻimi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hiki. Hoʻomaka pinepine kēia ʻano ʻano me nā loli noʻonoʻo i ka pae mua, a ukali ʻia e ka ʻili o ka ʻili i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻili ikaika (e hoʻomaka mau ana mai ka manamana lima a puni ka ʻāʻī a palahalaha koke), ʻeha ʻeha, nausea a me ka luaʻi. Pono e mālama pono ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻAʻole maʻi ʻo Amoxicillin i ka ʻili ʻili.
ʻO 3-10% o nā keiki e lawe i ka amoxicillin (a i ʻole ampicillin) a loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻino (72 mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka penicillin), akā hiki nō paha ia i nā pākeke. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "amoxicillin rash" i kekahi manawa.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Rash he maculopapular rash a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī (measles-like), no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "measles-like rash i hoʻokomo ʻia e amoxicillin" ma nā palapala lapaʻau. Hoʻomaka ia i loko o ke kumu a palahalaha mai laila. ʻAʻole ia he hopena maʻi maoli, a ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻōki i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau o kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia ʻano amoxicillin maʻamau a me ka maʻi maʻi weliweli.
ʻO ka maʻi amoxicillin ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike i ka mononucleosis infectious. Hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina ma kahi o 80-90% o ka poʻe maʻi e hoʻomohala i kēia maʻi i ka wā i loaʻa ai lākou i ka maʻi EB acute a mālama ʻia me ka amoxicillin a i ʻole ampicillin.
Nā Huahana Pili
I ka makahiki 1985, ua ʻike ʻo Datong Locomotive Works ʻo nā locomotives uila ke alakaʻi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi o ka locomotive China railway locomotive a me ka ʻoihana rolling stock i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a waiho i ka manaʻo hoʻolālā hana o "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) a me Datong Locomotive Works".
ʻO ka locomotive uila ʻo Shaoshan Type 3 ka lua o ka lua o koʻu ʻāina 6-axle locomotive a me ka locomotive ukana. Hoʻohana ka locomotive i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nalu holoʻokoʻa a ʻike i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka thyristor. Hoʻohana ka locomotive i ka ʻōnaehana uila AC 25kV 50Hz hoʻokahi-phase a loaʻa ka wikiwiki o ka hana o 100km/h.
ʻO ka locomotive uila kaumaha SS3B he 12-axle freight uila locomotive. Loaʻa iā ia nā locomotives 6-axle like ʻelua i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi hui a me kahi pale makani. Hoʻolako ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua me nā mea hoʻopili uila kiʻekiʻe, nā kaula hoʻomalu, a me ka pale ʻana i ka pūnaewele. Nā ʻauwaʻa hoʻomalu laina a me nā ʻōnaehana ea. Hiki ke hoʻomalu like ʻia ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa mai kēlā me kēia kaʻa. Hoʻohana ka locomotive i ka ʻōnaehana mana mana hoʻokahi, ka volta 25kV, ka hoʻoili ʻana o AC-DC, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka hana o ka locomotive he 100km / h.
ʻO Shaoshan 4 ka locomotive uila i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia he locomotive ukana 8-axle. Aia i loko o ka locomotive nā locomotives ʻehā-axle like ʻole i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi hui a me ka pale makani. Hoʻolako ʻia nā papa hana ʻelua me nā mea hoʻohui uila kiʻekiʻe no ka ʻōnaehana uila, nā kaula hoʻopaʻa hoʻohui hou a me nā ducts control system brake air. Hiki ke hoʻomalu like ʻia ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa mai ke kaʻa o ka mea hoʻokele o kekahi o nā kaʻa. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā locomotive ʻelua a hoʻohana kūʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he locomotive ʻehā axle.