igbo
Amoxicillin [1] [2] (Inn: amoxicillin), nke a sụgharịkwara dị ka amoxicillin ma ọ bụ amoxicillin, onye ezigbo aha ya bụ amoxicillin [3], bụ ọgwụ nje β-lactam nke a na-ejikarị ọnụ, nke nwere mmetụta bacteriolytic ma bụrụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. iji gwọọ ọrịa na-efe efe nke microorganisms nwere ike ịkpata [4]. Ngwaahịa a bụ ọgwụ izizi maka mgbasa ozi otitis, a pụkwara iji ya gwọọ mgbaàmà dịka streptococcal pharyngitis, oyi baa, cellulitis na ọrịa urinary tract [4]. Ejikọtara ya na clavulanic acid, ọgwụ nje na-eguzogide ọgwụ nwere ike ịda mbà nke ọma.
Nkọwa ngwaahịa
Mmetụta ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ọgbụgbọ na ọkụ ọkụ [4], ma nwekwara ike ịbawanye ohere nke candidiasis; Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya na clavulanic acid (ya bụ amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium), a ga-enwe mmetụta dị n'akụkụ afọ ọsịsa [5]. Ejila ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe maka ndị nwere ihe nfụkasị na penicillin; Ndị ọrịa nwere ọdịda akụrụ nwere ike were ngwaahịa a, mana a ga-ebelata dose ahụ. Ịṅụ ọgwụ n'oge ime na ịmụ nwa na-egosi na ọ dịghị ihe ọjọọ ugbu a [4].
Edepụtara Amoxicillin na 1972 [6]. Edepụtara ọgwụ a na ndepụta ọgwụ ndị dị mkpa nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa, nke bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị dị mkpa na usoro ahụike [7] na ọgwụ nje a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ụmụaka [8]. Amoxicillin bụ nke ọgwụ sayensị [4]. Ọnụ ahịa ọgwụ ọ bụla dị n'etiti 0.02 na 0.05 USD [9]. Na United States, usoro ọgwụgwọ ụbọchị iri na-efu ihe dị ka $16 [4].
Amoxicillin BP
Amoxicillin 250 mg nke capsules
ụkpụrụ omume
Amoxicillin na-arụ ọrụ site na igbochi njikọ nke mgbidi cell nje. Ọ na-egbochi njikọ dị n'etiti eriri peptidoglycan polymer linear nke bụ isi ihe dị na mgbidi cell nke nje bacteria gram-positive na gram-negative bacteria.
mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ
Mmetụta dị na ya gụnyere ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, mgbakasị na ọgwụ nje colitis, afọ ọsịsa nwekwara ike ime. N'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, akwụkwọ ndekọ ahụike na-egosi na mmetụta ndị dị na ya gụnyere mgbanwe uche, isi ọwụwa, mgbagwoju anya nke uche, nchekasị, na paranoia (mmetụta ìhè, ụda, na echiche na-edoghị anya).
mmeghachi omume anaphylactic
Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ nke amoxicillin kpatara nwere ike ịtụ anya ihe a na-atụghị anya ya na nke siri ike, a ga-achọrịrị ọgwụgwọ ozugbo enwere ike. Ụdị mmeghachi omume a na-amalitekarị site na mgbanwe uche n'oge mbụ, nke na-esote akpụkpọ anụ ahụ na itching siri ike (na-amalite site na mkpịsị aka na gburugburu ukwu ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa), ọkụ ọkụ, ọgbụgbọ na vomiting. Mgbaàmà ọ bụla ọzọ na-adịghịdị ka a na-enyo enyo ga-abụrịrị nke ọma.
Amoxicillin abụghị ihe nfụkasị anụ ahụ.
3-10% ụmụaka na-ewere amoxicillin (ma ọ bụ ampicillin) wee nweta ọkụ ọkụ (awa 72 mgbe ha nwụsịrị penicillin), mana ọ nwekwara ike ime ndị okenye. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ ya "amoxicillin rash".
A na-akọwa ihe ọkụ ọkụ dị ka ihe ọkụ ọkụ maculopapular ma ọ bụ measles (dị ka measles), ya mere a na-akpọ ya "measles-dị ka ọkụ ọkụ nke amoxicillin kpatara" na akwụkwọ ahụike. Ọ na-amalite n'ime akpati wee gbasaa n'ebe ahụ. Ọ bụghị ezigbo mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ, ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ịkwụsị atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ ugbu a. Agbanyeghị, ọkụ ọkụ nke amoxicillin na mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị dị ize ndụ anaghị adị mfe ịmata.
Ihe ọkụ ọkụ amoxicillin na-abụghị nke nfụkasị ahụ nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe na-egosi mononucleosis na-efe efe. Ụfọdụ nnyocha na-egosi na ihe dị ka 80-90% ndị ọrịa ga-enwe ọkụ ọkụ mgbe ha butere nnukwu nje EB ma gwọọ ha na amoxicillin ma ọ bụ ampicillin.
Ngwaahịa ndị emetụtara
Na 1985, Datong Locomotive Works ghọtara na eletriki locomotives bụ ihe dị mkpa mmepe ntụziaka nke China ụgbọ okporo ígwè locomotive na Rolling ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ n'ọdịnihu, na-etinye n'ihu mmepụta okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu echiche nke "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) na Datong Locomotive Ọrụ".
Shaoshan Ụdị 3 eletriki locomotive bụ mba m nke abụọ ọgbọ 6-axle njem na ibu locomotive. Locomotive na-anakwere mmezi ụdị akwa mmiri zuru oke ma na-achọpụta ụkpụrụ voltaji dị nro na-achịkwa usoro thyristor. The locomotive nakweere otu-phase AC 25kV 50Hz voltaji sistemu na nwere kacha arụ ọrụ ọsọ nke 100km / h.
Igwe ọkụ eletrik dị arọ nke SS3B edoziri bụ locomotive eletriki ebu ibu 12-axle. Ọ nwere locomotives abụọ yiri 6-axle jikọtara ya na igwe nrụnye na windshield. Akụkụ abụọ a na-eji usoro eletriki eletrik arụ ọrụ, eriri njikwa, na nchekwa netwọk. Line na ikuku usoro ducts. Enwere ike ijikwa ụgbọ ala ahụ n'otu oge site na ụgbọ ala ọ bụla. Locomotive na-anabata sistemu ike ugboro otu nkeji, voltaji 25kV, nnyefe AC-DC, yana oke ọsọ nke locomotive bụ 100km / h.
Locomotive eletriki nke Shaoshan 4 kwalitere bụ locomotive ibu ibu 8-axle. Locomotive ahụ nwere locomotives abụọ yiri axle anọ jikọtara ya na igwe na-ejikọ ya na ikuku ikuku. Ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ nwere njikọ njikọ dị elu maka usoro eletriki eletrik, eriri nchịkwa na-ejikọta na ụgbọ mmiri na-achịkwa usoro breeki ikuku. Enwere ike ijikọ ụgbọ ala ahụ niile site na ụgbọ ala nke ọ bụla n'ime ụgbọ ala ahụ. Enwere ike ikewapụ locomotives abụọ ahụ ma jiri onwe ha mee ihe dị ka locomotive anọ.