Kwimuka gukomeye
Mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, abaturage bagera kuri 70% na 80% by'ibikorwa by'ubukungu baribanze, ariko ingufu zitera ibikorwa by'ubukungu ahanini zishyingurwa mu burengerazuba, zitandukanijwe n'ibirometero ibihumbi. Ubwikorezi bwo mu karere bwambukiranya ingufu ni ikibazo gishaje kibangamiye ubukungu bwa kabiri ku isi. Nigute wakemura iki kibazo gishaje? Igisubizo cyatanzwe na Datong nukubaka umuyoboro wibice bitatu bitanga ingufu ziva mwijuru zijya mwisi.
Nyamuneka kura amakara kurubuga
Reka twinjire cyane mubice bya geologiya. Ugereranije ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 500 munsi yubuso, amakara yamakara amaze imyaka miriyoni asinziriye arakangurwa. Ibirombe 59 byamakara mumujyi bikorera icyarimwe, kandi burimunsi, toni 328800 y "amabuye yumukara" irashobora kongera kuboneka.
Iburengerazuba ugana Iburasirazuba Gutwara Amakara
Mbere yuko bagira amahirwe yo kumva umwuka wubusa, amabuye yumukara yatumiwe mubyumba byihariye bifite metero kibe 140 hanyuma yoherezwa ku cyambu cya Qinhuangdao, ku birometero 653. Ngaho, barapakiye kandi barapakururwa ku mato atabarika yimizigo yubunini butandukanye, yangirika vuba kandi ikwirakwira nkimitsi iva mu mpande zose z’Uburasirazuba n’Ubushinwa bukeneye ingufu byihutirwa.
Iburengerazuba Kugana Amashanyarazi
Reka turebe hejuru, hejuru yiyi kilometero 653 yumuhanda wa gari ya moshi ni 500 kV umurongo wa voltage mwinshi, ni amarozi yo kwimura ako kanya. Ikusanya miliyoni 1.8 kilowat yumuriro wamashanyarazi numuyaga, kandi bisaba amasegonda 1/36 kugirango ugere Huai'an biturutse i Datong. N "umuhanda munini" utwara amashanyarazi ya Yanhuai DC, ukagenda ibirometero ibihumbi, ukamurika ibintu!
Intangiriro ni "Datong", naho iherezo ni "Bitandukanye". Ku gipimo cya geografiya, ingufu hano zifite inshingano zazo kandi zihuta zigana imisozi ninyanja!
Aho uherereye: JD
Uwakiriye: Mayor Ren, muraho. Datong n'umujyi ukomeye w'ingufu mu ntara yacu, kandi kubaka ibirindiro bitanu byingenzi ningirakamaro mu gukora impinduramatwara y’ingufu n’imishinga y’icyitegererezo ivugurura. Noneho, kubijyanye na Datong, ni ubuhe buryo bukubiye muri izi shingiro eshanu arizo nyungu zacu zo kuyobora?
Ren X. Dushimangiye iyi nshingano, dufata impinduramatwara y’ingufu nk'intambwe, dutezimbere cyane iterambere ry’icyatsi n’imikoreshereze y’amakara, kandi dukomeje gushimangira inyungu zigereranywa n’ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi bwo kongera amakara mu mujyi bwarenze 90%. Dushingiye kuri ibi, twubahiriza igitekerezo cyakazi cyo "guhuza umuyaga, izuba, amazi, umuriro, hamwe n’ububiko bwa hydrogène", kandi byihutisha byimazeyo iterambere ryiza ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu. Amashanyarazi yose yashyizweho muri uyu mujyi ni miliyoni 16.47 kilowat, muri yo miliyoni 8.32 kilowat, zirenga 50%. Twageze ku ntego ya gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka itanu mbere yimyaka itatu mbere yigihe, Byongeye kandi, twanasuzumye cyane iyubakwa ry’inganda zishingiye ku makara n’amakara, kandi twageze ku musaruro w'ingirakamaro.
Umusozi Wubwenge Bwiza Umusozi!
Umuntu wese yakinnye umukino wa Zahabu Miner akiri muto, kandi intego nyamukuru yawe ni ugufata zahabu na diyama. Wigeze utekereza kubyo abacukuzi buhanga buhanitse bakoresha muri iki gihe cyo gucukura "zahabu yumukara".
Kubaka mu biti, abantu bari mu cyatsi, na mine muri parike, biragoye kwiyumvisha ko iyi parike nk'ahantu ari ikirombe!
Murakaza neza kuri Tashan Smart Mine! Ububiko bw'amakara bwa Tashan Mine ni toni 213510, kandi ikintu kinini kiranga ni uko igice kinini cyane cy’amakara kigera kuri metero 20. Twabibutsa ko ikoranabuhanga ryubucukuzi bwizewe kandi bunoze kubutare bukabije bwamakara hejuru ya metero 14 nikibazo cyisi yose. Igikorwa cyawe nukubona uburyo bwo gucukura amabuye yamakara cyane kandi ugashaka "ubwato bwarohamye mu nyanja"!
Igihe nyacyo cyo gukina kuri ecran nini ni imikorere yubutaka. Kurikiza imodoka yacu yo gutwara hanyuma urebe kuri simulation yo munsi y'ubutaka! Kuri iyi kilometero 2 z'uburebure na metero 200 z'ubugari bwo gucukura amakara, hari kamera zirenga 60 hamwe na sensor zirenga 1500. Muri gahunda ihuriweho na sitasiyo ya 5G munsi yubutaka, agatsiko kamakara ya hyperspectral gahita kamenyekana mugihe nyacyo, kandi scan ya laser ikoreshwa mugukurikirana umubare wamakara yarekuwe. Gukomeza imbere, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura kizakorana nabantu bake kandi cyubake uburyo bushya bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ahuza imyumvire yuzuye, kohereza 5G, gufata ibyemezo byigenga, no kugenzura ubufatanye. Kwihutisha kohereza amakuru yibikoresho no gutanga igihe nyacyo cyo gutanga amakuru yo kugenzura, hamwe no gutinda kugenzura bitarenze milisegonda 500, kwagura ibyiyumvo byabantu no kumva byunvikana kumurimo ukora, no gukurikirana umusaruro wumutekano muburyo bwimbitse.
Nyiricyubahiro asubira mubyukuri: 5G yuzuye yuzuye ihwanye no guha ibirombe byo munsi yubutaka n'amaso atyaye n'amaboko atandukanye, ariko ni ibihe bikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa?
Sun Lei (Umunyamabanga wa Tashan Mine R&D Centre): Biratangaje. Iyi ni robot yo kugenzura gaze yamakara. Iyo duhuye n'akaga munsi y'ubutaka kandi abantu ntibashobora kumanuka, turabohereza kugirango byorohereze akazi kacu.
Nyiricyubahiro: Ibyiza bya siyanse! Nigute dushobora gucukura amakara yiyongereye cyane?
Sun Lei: Reka nkumenyeshe intwaro ebyiri zubumaji. Ubwa mbere, imashini icukura amaboko 9 yimashini igizwe nibikoresho byo gucukura byihuse. Ifite imitwe itatu n'amaboko atandatu nka Nezha, hamwe imwe yagenewe gucukura ijisho ryo hejuru ryo hagati naho ibiri ryeguriwe gucukura inkoni yo hepfo. Byongeye kandi, uruganda rwo gucukura amazi yo mu kirere rwarateguwe kandi rwongerwaho kugira ngo rugere ku bikorwa byo gushakisha amazi aho. Umuntu umwe arashobora gukora imirimo myinshi, akongerera ubushobozi 40%, kandi umuvuduko wo gucukura burimunsi urashobora kugera kuri metero 20!
Nyiricyubahiro: Noneho gucukura byabaye byihuse, amahirwe ni ayahe?
Sun Lei: Iyi niyo ntwaro ya kabiri yubumaji navuze, niyo shingiro ritoya ya convoyeur hamwe na magnetiki ihoraho ya tekinoroji yingoma yingoma. Ihuza moteri yamashanyarazi, kugabanya, ningoma murimwe, hamwe nubunini buto, kwishyiriraho byoroshye, gukora neza cyane, no kubungabunga kubuntu. Iradukiza miriyoni z'amadorari buri mwaka.
Nyiricyubahiro: Hamwe nizi ntwaro ebyiri zubumaji zigenga zigenga, kuzunguruka zahabu yumukara biva munsi yubutaka kandi bigakomeza kujyanwa hasi kumukandara. Ntibishobora guhagarara i Datong kandi byurira gari ya moshi kumurongo wa Daqin.
Gari ya moshi ya Daqin: Kuva mu nyanja yamakara kugera ku nyanja
Urugendo runini rwa Qin Ibihumbi Mile rwatangiriye kuri Sitasiyo ya Datong Hudong, gari ya moshi 10000 ihaguruka buri minota 12, gari ya moshi zigera ku ijana zigenda buri munsi. Kuva impeshyi yatangira, ubwikorezi bwa buri munsi bugeze kuri toni zisaga miliyoni 1.2.
Nyiricyubahiro: Nigute dushobora kwemeza ko gariyamoshi nyinshi ziremereye zishobora guhuza, guteranya, no gutatana ku rugero runini mugihe umutekano uhagaze? Dukeneye kandi ubufatanye bunoze, bunoze, kandi bunoze cyane.
Ren Fuzhen (ushinzwe imirimo kuri Sitasiyo ya Hudong kuri Gari ya moshi ya Daqin): 852563 kureba, gukosora, gukora.
Ren Fuzhen: Hano hari imodoka nyinshi kandi traffic ni nyinshi. Dukeneye gahunda zigera kuri 20 zo gufata no kohereza buri gari ya moshi, kandi impuzandengo yigihe hagati ya buri gahunda ni amasegonda 10. Ihuza ni ngombwa cyane.
Inshingano z'umurongo wa Daqin ni ingirakamaro, toni zirenga 1000 z'amakara zitwarwa gake kuri buri munota wo gutinda. Gusa hamwe noguhuza neza hagati yabantu n’ibinyabiziga birashobora gukingirwa umutekano n’umutekano wo gutwara ingufu.
Nyiricyubahiro: Umushoferi wazamutse kuri cockpit anyuze murwego ni umushoferi wa Daqin Line. Nibo bamenyereye cyane kumurongo wo gutanga, kandi basobanukiwe na buri gare, inzira zose, kugenda no kugera hano.
We Xiaodong (Umushoferi wa Daqin Uremereye kuri Depot y'amashanyarazi ya Hudong): Gari ya moshi 73019 irahaguruka iva mu gikari cya kabiri cya Hudong ku murongo wa 17. Umushoferi arabyumva.
We Xiaodong (Daqin Heavy Load Driver kuri Hudong Electric Power Depot): Hamwe na feri ya feri ipima ibiro igihumbi, nagiye ku murongo wa Daqin hamwe na bagenzi banjye 600 na bagenzi banjye 600 buri munsi kugirango umutekano n'ubwikorezi, no gutwara ingufu kuri bice bitandukanye by'igihugu.
Uwakiriye: Gusa barashobora gutwara iyi metero 2600 z'uburebure, toni 20000 ya gari ya moshi iremereye iva mu nyanja yamakara ikagera ku nyanja munsi yumuherekeza wicyumba cyoherejwe.
Uburemere bwingoma nini ya Qin ntabwo ari ugukora gusa umugani wimibare yubwikorezi. Ifite inshingano zo kubyaza amakara amashanyarazi atandatu akomeye, amatsinda atanu y’amashanyarazi, amasosiyete icumi y’ibyuma, hamwe n’ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’inganda n’amabuye y'agaciro mu Bushinwa, ndetse n’umusaruro n’amakara ya buri munsi mu ntara zirenga icumi, imigi , n'uturere twigenga. Nisoko yingufu, ingwate yo gutanga, umusingi witerambere ryubukungu bwubushinwa, nigitangaza cyogutwara gari ya moshi ziremereye kwisi.
Uwakiriye: Niyo mpamvu iyo turebye gari ya moshi ziremereye ziva kuri sitasiyo ya sitasiyo hanyuma tukagenda buhoro buhoro tunyura mu mayira, ntabwo twumva dusezera, ahubwo ni isano.
Nyiricyubahiro: Ariko mubyukuri hariho inzira zirenze imwe zo guhuza. Urebye hejuru, uyu ni umuyoboro wa ultra-high voltage umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, uzwi nka "super highway" y'amashanyarazi. Ibiriho bigenda hagati yimijyi ku muvuduko wa kilometero 300000 ku isegonda.
Aho uherereye: Datong Xinrong (Dingya) Substation
Ren Xijie: Kugeza ubu, miliyoni 1.8 kilowat z'ingufu nshya zikoreshwa kumurongo. Uyu mushinga wo gukwirakwiza no guhindura amashanyarazi washyizwe mu bikorwa, ukemura cyane ikibazo cyo kongera umusaruro w’ingufu nshya mu karere k’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Datong. Inzira yingufu ningirakamaro cyane. Kugeza ubu, turimo gukora ibishoboka byose mumujyi kubaka 1000 kV ultra-high voltage yohereza no guhindura umushinga kuva Datong ugana Huailai. Uyu mushinga nigice cya ngombwa cya Jinbei New Energy Base, kandi ishyirwa mubikorwa ryacyo rishobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyubushobozi bwa Datong bwo kohereza ingufu nshya kandi gakondo. Nyuma yo kurangiza uyu murongo wo guhererekanya no guhindura, bizatanga mu buryo bwitondewe ibipimo bishya by’ingufu zingana na miliyari 100 kilowatt y’amashanyarazi mu karere ka Beijing Tianjin Hebei buri mwaka, kandi bigira uruhare runini mu gutanga amashanyarazi ahamye no kuzamura ingufu. imiterere muri gride y'amashanyarazi y'Ubushinwa.
Uwakiriye: None ni ukubera iki guhererekanya amashanyarazi byahindutse icyerekezo cyingenzi cyo guhindura ingufu za Datong?
Ren Xijie: Kera, twajyaga twohereza amakara, hanyuma amakara agahinduka amashanyarazi. Urashaka ko Gari ya moshi ya Daqin irenga kilometero 650. Niba udatekereza guhagarara parikingi cyangwa gupakurura, urashobora kuyikoresha byibuze amasaha 10 muburyo bumwe. Ariko niduhindura amakara mumashanyarazi, bizatwara amasegonda make kugirango tuyohereze i Datong mubice byose byigihugu. Urabona rero, ni igihe cyiza cyane. Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi ni isoko ikora neza, isukuye, yoroshye, kandi itanga ingufu za karubone nkeya, bityo guhindura amakara mu mashanyarazi ni ibintu byunguka kandi byunguka.
Umwaka ushize, yari miliyari 55 kilowatt y'amashanyarazi. Datong yanyoherereje ubutumwa buvuga ko bakoresheje amasaha miliyari 15 za kilowatt na miliyari 40 za kilowatt kugirango basohoke. Mu masaha ya miliyari 55 z'amashanyarazi, amasaha agera kuri miliyari 10 kilowatt yakozwe n’ingufu nshya, menshi muri yo akaba ari miliyari 9,75. Urashaka miliyari 9,75 za kilowatt z'amashanyarazi zingana na 29% by'amashanyarazi yose, yateye imbere mu ntara ndetse no mugihugu cyose. Igihugu gisaba intego ya 30% muri 2035. Uratekereza ko uyumwaka, guhera 2023, tumaze kugera kuntego zacu imyaka 12 mbere yigihe giteganijwe.
Bika "ingufu"
Chimneys ndende hamwe numwotsi wera uzunguruka birasanzwe kuri buri muntu wa Datong, wahoze ari kahise ka Datong Yambere Yumuriro. Ariko ubu, sitasiyo nini nini yo kubika ingufu muri Shanxi, Wangning Energy Storage Power Station, yubatswe ahahoze hahoze h’amashanyarazi, hifashishijwe byimazeyo ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru hamwe n’ibikoresho byohereza mu kubaka ingufu. Ntabwo ari ugusimburana gusa "gushya" na "kera", ahubwo ni no guhuza "gukomera" na "gukomera".
Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya Wangning kuri ubu niyo sitasiyo ya mbere yo kubika ingufu muri Shanxi kugirango yuzuze amashanyarazi yuzuye. Ifata ibyumba byose byubatswe hanze kandi ifite ibikoresho bya Ningde Times 1500V yumuvuduko ukabije wamazi ukonje ya lithium fer fosifate yo kubika ingufu. Muri rusange imikorere ya sisitemu irenga 90%, iruta urwego rwinganda.
Li Yanfei (Impuguke mu bijyanye no kubika ingufu za tekinoroji ya Leta ya Grid Era): Hamwe na selile zirenga 7000, bifata amasaha abiri kugirango yishyure neza iki kintu. Hamwe n'amasaha arenga 6700 kilowatt y'amashanyarazi, irashobora kumara urugo rusanzwe kumyaka 5.
Aho uherereye: Imodoka
Nyiricyubahiro: Mayor Ren, mugihe cyubushakashatsi bwacu, twamenye ko Datong ifite ibyiza muguteza imbere icyatsi kibisi no kuyikoresha no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Muri icyo gihe, Datong yanashyizeho ingufu nyinshi mu guhindura amakara ashingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ni iki twakoze mu buryo bwihariye?
Ren X. Tuzabona igisubizo aho.
Nyiricyubahiro: Reka turebere hamwe.
Ren Xijie: Nibyo.
Uwakiriye: Iki nicyo kigo cyubushakashatsi bwamakara ya Datong, ari nacyo kigo cy’ibizamini cya Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the Academy of Science of China, ariko iki kigo ntigisanzwe. Ubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo burimo gukorwa cyane mumagorofa atandatu yuburebure bwikigo cyubushakashatsi bwamakara ya Datong. Iki nicyo kigo kinini cy’ubushakashatsi bugamije gukoresha neza amakara mu Bushinwa, ndetse n’ikigereranyo cy’icyotezo cyiza kandi cyiza cyo gutwika amakara mu Ntara ya Shanxi. Ihuriro ry'icyitegererezo hano ryibanda cyane cyane ku byerekezo bitatu by'ubushakashatsi: gutwika neza, gukora neza no guhuza amakara, gushyira mu byiciro no gukoresha amakara, no gukoresha imyanda ikomoka kuri karubone. Byose byateguwe kandi byubatswe ukurikije amahame mpuzamahanga yo mucyiciro cya mbere. Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryerekanwe mubigeragezo, ubu turimo kwerekeza mumajyaruguru nini no mumajyepfo yigihugu cyacu.
Poroseri ni umuntu uhagarariye umuco mwiza w'Ubushinwa. Mu mateka yimyaka igihumbi yo kurasa farashi i Jingdezhen, itanura ryinkwi ryahoze mumwanya wiganje mugihe kirekire. Amatara yamakara yagaragaye muri make hagati ya 1950 na 1970, amara imyaka irenga 20, hanyuma ahinduka isi y’itanura rya gaze n’itanura ry’amashanyarazi. Nyamara, kubaka ubukorikori bukenewe cyane muri societe igezweho, gaze n'amashanyarazi ntabwo aribyo byiza.
Muri Gao'an, inyubako y’inganda zubatswe n’intara mu Ntara ya Jiangxi, hafi ya Jingdezhen, ingufu zahoze ari ikibazo gikomeye kibuza iterambere ry’inganda zaho: amashanyarazi ya gaze yanduye cyane kandi yagombaga kuvaho, ariko gaze gasanzwe ntabwo gusa ntishobora kwemeza itangwa rihamye, ariko kandi yari ihenze cyane kuruta amakara kuri gaze. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya gazi ya tekinoroji hamwe na tekinoroji yo gutwika ibisigazwa bya Datong Coal Research Institute ihindura umusaruro nubuzima hano. Igiciro cyingufu zikoreshwa ninganda ni kimwe cya gatatu cyikiguzi cyo gutwika gaze gasanzwe, kandi zirashobora kandi kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere iva mu isoko, ikemura burundu imbogamizi zubukungu n’ibidukikije mu nganda zaho, kandi amaherezo biganisha kuri amakara manini ku isi yoza umushinga wa gazi yinganda zingana na metero kibe 9.
Abashakashatsi: Nyuma yuko igikoresho gito kirangiye muburyo bukonje kandi bushyushye, usanga ibyo byumvikana kandi ibisohoka birashobora gukoreshwa. Hazubakwa urubuga runini rwa metero zirenga 20, rumaze gufatwa nkigeragezwa rinini mu Bushinwa.
Ren Xijie: Turashobora kubivuga gutya? Urubuga rwawe rwo kugerageza, cyane cyane urubuga rushyushye, ni runini mu Bushinwa.
Umushakashatsi: Kubushakashatsi, ni ngombwa.
Ren Xijie: Intambwe ikurikira ni imyiyerekano, ikaba ari nini nini yo kuzamura inganda no kuyishyira mu bikorwa.
Umushakashatsi: Yego.
Ren Xijie: Guhindura ingufu mu mujyi wa Datong, gukoresha amakara ashingiye ku buhanga buhanitse, no guhindura ibyagezweho mu guhanga udushya byahoze ari ingingo igomba kwigwa, kandi byanabaye ikibazo kigomba gukemurwa imbere za guverinoma zabanje mu mujyi wa Datong. Datong itanga toni miliyoni 160 z'amakara mbisi buri mwaka, muri yo 30% ni agatsiko k'amakara, hafi toni miliyoni 50. Tuvuge iki kuri toni miliyoni 50? Kera, wasangaga imyanda myinshi, kandi ntabwo yakoreshejwe neza. Ariko, twazanye Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Academy of Science. Intego yacyo ntabwo ari uguteza imbere gutwika amakara gusa, ariko cyane cyane, guhindura amakara agezweho agezweho. Turizera guhindura imyanda mubutunzi, gukuramo amakara yose, no kuyagira uruhare rwose mubyatsi bibisi byubumuntu mubikorwa byose, imirima, nibice byose.
Nyuma yimyaka ine, hashyizweho ingufu mu birombe bitatu kuri 59 muri Datong byageze ku bucukuzi bw’ubwenge, aho umusaruro w’amakara buri mwaka ugera kuri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 120, muri zo umusaruro ukaba ugera kuri 90.7%;
Gari ya moshi ya Daqin, ifite munsi ya 1% y’ibikorwa by’igihugu ikora, yarangije 23% y’ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi zose hamwe na 11.3% y’ubwikorezi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa bya gari ya moshi, ikomeza guca amateka y’umubare rusange, intera, n’umuvuduko wo gutwara ingufu z’ibinyabuzima. n'abantu;
Umwaka ushize, amashanyarazi yavuye i Datong mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu yageze kuri miliyari 39.26 z'amasaha ya kilowatt, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuzuza amashanyarazi ku mishinga 3926 hamwe n’amashanyarazi ya buri mwaka akoresha amasaha miliyoni 10 kilowatt, kandi ashobora kuzuza amashanyarazi ingo miliyoni 13.086. hamwe n’amashanyarazi yumwaka yamasaha 3000 kilowatt. Nyamara, aya makuru aracyiyongera uko umwaka utashye;
Mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amakara ya Datong, ibyagezweho mu bushakashatsi 5 bya siyansi byarangije ikizamini cy’icyitegererezo, naho 5 mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugenda butonda umurongo kugira ngo bipimishe.
Datong yihutisha umuvuduko wo guhindura ingufu binyuze mukubaka ibirindiro bitanu byingenzi, no guteza imbere byimazeyo impinduka zicyatsi zinganda zingufu kugera kurwego rushya!