Babban Hijira na Makamashi
A gabashin kasar Sin, kusan kashi 70% na al'ummar kasar da kuma sama da kashi 80% na ayyukan tattalin arziki sun ta'allaka ne, amma makamashin da ke tafiyar da harkokin tattalin arziki galibi ana binne shi ne a yamma, wanda ke raba dubban kilomita. Harkokin sufurin makamashi da ke tsakanin yanki wata tsohuwar matsala ce da ke damun kasa ta biyu mafi karfin tattalin arziki a duniya. Yadda za a magance wannan tsohuwar matsala? Amsar da Datong ya bayar ita ce gina hanyar sadarwa ta samar da makamashi mai fuska uku wacce ke tafiya daga sama zuwa duniya.
Da fatan za a cire gawayi daga rukunin yanar gizon
Bari mu zurfafa zurfafa cikin shimfidar ƙasa. A matsakaita zurfin mita 500 a kasa, ana tada katun kwal da ke kwance tsawon miliyoyin shekaru. Ma'adinan kwal guda 59 a cikin birnin suna aiki lokaci guda, kuma a kowace rana, ana iya sake ganin ton 328800 na "bakar duwatsu".
Yamma zuwa Gabashin Kwal Transport
Kafin su samu damar jin iska, an gayyace bakar duwatsun zuwa cikin dakunan da ba su wuce murabba'in mita 140 ba, aka aika zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Qinhuangdao mai nisan kilomita 653. A can, an loda su da sauke su a kan wasu jiragen ruwa masu girma dabam dabam, da sauri suna rubewa da bazuwa kamar jijiyoyi a kowane lungu na gabashi da kudancin kasar Sin wadanda suke bukatar makamashi cikin gaggawa.
Yamma zuwa Gabas Wutar Lantarki
Bari mu duba, sama da wannan layin dogo mai nisan kilomita 653, layin wutar lantarki mai karfin kilo 500 ne, wanda sihiri ne na canja wurin nan take. Yana tattara kilowatts miliyan 1.8 na wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki, kuma yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa 1/36 kawai don isa Huai'an kai tsaye daga Datong. “Babban babbar hanya” ce da ke ɗauke da watsa wutar lantarki ta Yanhuai DC, wacce ta wuce dubunnan mil, tana haskaka abubuwa!
Mafarin farawa shine "Datong", kuma ƙarshen ƙarshen shine "Bamban". A ma'auni na ƙasa, makamashi a nan yana ɗaukar ayyukansu daban-daban kuma ya garzaya zuwa tsaunuka da tekuna!
Wuri: JD
Mai watsa shiri: Magajin gari Ren, sannu. Datong babban birni ne na makamashi a lardinmu, kuma gina manyan sansanonin guda biyar muhimmin mashigin ne don gudanar da juyin juya halin makamashi da ci gaba da ayyukan gwaji na garambawul. Don haka, game da Datong, wane bangare na waɗannan tushe guda biyar ne manyan fa'idodinmu?
Ren Xijie (Mamban zaunannen kwamitin kuma mataimakin babban magajin garin Datong): A bana, kwamitin jam'iyyar lardi da gwamnatin lardin sun baiwa birnin Datong wani muhimmin aiki na tarihi na shigar da yankin Tianjin Hebei na birnin Beijing da gina gada. Muna ɗaukar wannan nauyi da ƙarfi, muna ɗaukar juyin juya halin makamashi a matsayin ci gaba, da ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓaka haɓakar kore da amfani da kwal, kuma muna ci gaba da haɓaka kwatankwacin fa'idar tushen watsa wutar lantarki. A halin yanzu, ci gaban ƙarfin samar da kwal a cikin birni ya wuce kashi 90%. Bisa ga wannan, muna manne da manufar aikin "haɗin iska, hasken rana, ruwa, wuta, da ajiyar hydrogen", da kuma ƙaddamar da haɓaka mai inganci na sabon masana'antar makamashi. Yawan wutar lantarki da aka sanya a cikin birnin ya kai kilowatt miliyan 16.47, wanda ya kai kilowatt miliyan 8.32, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 50%. Mun cimma burin shirin shekara biyar na 14 shekaru uku kafin lokacin da aka tsara, Bugu da kari, mun kuma yi nazari sosai kan gina tushen sinadarai na kwal da kwal, kuma mun samu wasu sakamako masu amfani.
Babban Dutsen Hasumiyar Hikima!
Kowa ya buga wasan ma'adinan Zinariya tun suna matasa, kuma babban burin ku shine kama zinari da lu'u-lu'u. Don haka kun taɓa tunanin abin da masu haƙar ma'adinai na zamani ke amfani da su don hakar "black zinariya".
Gina a cikin bishiyoyi, mutane a cikin kore, da ma'adinai a cikin wurin shakatawa, yana da wuya a yi tunanin cewa wannan wurin shakatawa kamar wuri nawa ne!
Barka da zuwa Tashan Smart Mine! Ma'adinan kwal na Tashan mine yana da ton 213510, kuma babban fasalin shine mafi girman ɓangaren kwal ɗin ya kai mita 20. Ya kamata a lura da cewa aminci da ingantaccen fasahar hakar ma'adinai don matsanancin kauri mai kauri sama da mita 14 kalubale ne na duniya. Aikin ku shine ku nemo hanyar da za ku bi don haƙar ma'adinan gawayi mai kauri sosai kuma ku nemo "jiragen ruwa masu zurfin teku"!
Sake kunnawa na ainihi akan waɗannan manyan allon fuska shine matsayin aiki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Bi abin hawan mu kuma kalli mashin simintin ƙasa! A kan wannan fuska mai tsayin kilomita 2 da faɗin mita 200 na haƙar ma'adinan kwal, an shigar da na'urori sama da 60 da na'urori masu auna firikwensin 1500. A ƙarƙashin tsarin haɗin kai na tashoshin tushe na 5G a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ana gano gangu na kwal na hyperspectral kai tsaye a cikin ainihin lokaci, kuma ana amfani da sikanin laser don saka idanu adadin kwal da aka saki. A ci gaba da ci gaba, cibiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya za ta yi aiki tare da mutane kaɗan kuma ta gina sabon ƙirar ma'adinai mai hankali wanda ke haɗa cikakkiyar fahimta, watsa 5G, yanke shawara mai cin gashin kansa, da sarrafa haɗin gwiwa. Saurin ɗora bayanan na'urar da sauri da kuma samar da bayanan sarrafawa na ainihi, tare da jinkirin sarrafawa ba fiye da 500 millisecond ba, ƙaddamar da hangen nesa na ɗan adam da kuma jin sauti zuwa fuskar aiki, da kuma kula da samar da tsaro a cikin hanya mai zurfi.
Mai watsa shiri ya dawo ga gaskiya: 5G cikakken ɗaukar hoto yana daidai da samar da ma'adinan karkashin kasa da idanu masu kaifi da hannayen hannu, amma menene kayan aikin da za a iya amfani da su?
Sun Lei (Sakataren Cibiyar R&D ta Tashan Mine): Yana da ban mamaki. Wannan mutum-mutumin gwajin iskar gas ne mai haƙar ma'adinan kwal. Lokacin fuskantar haɗari a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma mutane ba za su iya sauka ba, muna aika shi don sauƙaƙe aikinmu na gaba.
Mai watsa shiri: Almarar kimiyya mai kyau! Ta yaya za mu haƙar ma'adinan kwal mai kauri?
Sun Lei: Bari in gabatar muku da makamai masu sihiri guda biyu. Da fari dai, na'urar haɗe-haɗe na haƙa mai hannu 9 tana sanye da kayan aikin tono da sauri. Yana da kawuna uku da hannaye shida kamar Nezha, wanda aka sadaukar da shi don hako ido na sama na tsakiya da biyu da aka sadaukar don hako sandar kasa. Bugu da kari, an kera na'urar hako ruwa ta iska da kuma kara ta don cimma ayyukan binciken ruwa a wurin. Mutum ɗaya zai iya yin ayyuka da yawa, yana haɓaka aiki da kashi 40%, kuma saurin haƙa na yau da kullun zai iya kaiwa mita 20!
Mai watsa shiri: Don haka aikin tono ya yi sauri, menene sa'a?
Sun Lei: Wannan shi ne makamin sihiri na biyu da na ambata, wanda shine tushe mai ƙarancin bel mai ɗaukar bel da fasaha na dillalan wutar lantarki na dindindin. Yana haɗa motar lantarki, mai ragewa, da drum a cikin ɗaya, tare da ƙananan girman, sauƙi mai sauƙi, ingantaccen watsawa, da kulawa kyauta. Yana ceton mu miliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara.
Mai watsa shiri: Tare da waɗannan makaman sihiri guda biyu da suka ɓullo da kansu, baƙar zinare mai mirgina yana barin ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma ana ci gaba da jigilar su zuwa ƙasa tare da bel. Da kyar ya tsaya a Datong kuma ya hau jirgin kai tsaye a layin Daqin.
Daqin Railway: Gudu daga Tekun Kwal zuwa Teku
Babban Tafiya ta Dubu Dubu ta Qin ta fara ne a tashar Datong Hudong, tare da jigilar tan 10000 da ke tashi kowane minti 12, tare da jiragen kasa kusan ɗari suna tashi kowace rana. Tun farkon lokacin rani, adadin jigilar yau da kullun ya kai tan miliyan 1.2.
Mai watsa shiri: Ta yaya za mu iya tabbatar da cewa yawancin jiragen kasa da aka yi lodi fiye da kima za su iya haɗawa, tarawa, da watsewa zuwa iyakar yayin da muke tabbatar da aminci? Har ila yau, muna buƙatar ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa, mai inganci, kuma mai inganci sosai.
Ren Fuzhen (jami'i mai aiki a tashar Hudong akan Titin Railway na Daqin): 852563 samfoti, daidai, aiwatarwa.
Ren Fuzhen: Akwai motoci da yawa kuma zirga-zirgar ta yi yawa. Muna buƙatar kusan shirye-shirye 20 don ɗauka da aika kowane jirgin ƙasa, kuma matsakaicin lokacin tsakanin kowane shirin shine kusan daƙiƙa 10. Haɗin yana da mahimmanci.
Alhakin Layin Daqin yana da mahimmanci, tare da sama da tan 1000 na kwal ana jigilar su ƙasa da kowane minti na jinkiri. Sai kawai tare da daidaitaccen daidaituwa tsakanin mutane da ababen hawa za a iya tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali na jigilar makamashi.
Mai watsa shiri: Direban da ya hau jirgin ta tsani shi ne direban Layin Daqin. Su ne suka fi sanin wannan layin samar da kayayyaki, kuma sun fahimci kowane abin hawa, kowace hanya, kowane tashi da isowa nan.
He Xiaodong (Direba mai ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi a tashar wutar lantarki ta Hudong): Jirgin ƙasa mai lamba 73019 ya tashi daga Yadi na biyu na Hudong akan hanya 17. Direban ya fahimta.
He Xiaodong (Direban Daqin Babban Depot Power Depot na Hudong): Tare da madaidaicin birki mai nauyin fam dubu, na yi ta tafiya a kan layin Daqin tare da abokaina 600 a kowace rana don tabbatar da tsaro da sufuri, da jigilar makamashi zuwa tashar. sassa daban-daban na kasar.
Mai watsa shiri: Su kadai ne za su iya tuka wannan jirgin kasa mai nauyi mai tsawon mita 2600, ton 20000 mai nauyi mai nauyi daga tekun kwal zuwa teku a karkashin rakiyar dakin aika.
Nauyin Babban Daular Qin ba kawai don ƙirƙirar almara na adadin adadin sufuri ba ne. Yana da alhakin samar da kwal na manyan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki guda shida, da kungiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyar, da kamfanonin karafa goma, da dubun dubatar masana'antu da ma'adinai a kasar Sin, gami da samar da kwal na yau da kullun ga larduna da birane sama da goma. , da yankuna masu cin gashin kansu. Ita ce tushen makamashi, da tabbacin samar da kayayyaki, da ginshikin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin, da kuma abin al'ajabi na zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa masu nauyi a duniya.
Mai watsa shiri: Shi ya sa yayin da muke kallon manyan jirage masu nauyi suna barin ƙofar tashar kuma a hankali suna tafiya tare da hanyoyin, ba mu jin daɗin bankwana, amma haɗin gwiwa.
Mai watsa shiri: Amma a zahiri akwai fiye da hanya ɗaya don haɗawa. Idan aka duba, wannan tashar watsa wutar lantarki ce mai girman gaske, wacce aka fi sani da "super highway" na wutar lantarki. A halin yanzu dai yana tafiya ne tsakanin birane da gudun kusan kilomita 300000 a cikin dakika daya.
Wuri: Datong Xinrong (Dingya).
Ren Xijie: A halin yanzu, kilowatts miliyan 1.8 na sabon makamashi suna aiki akan layi. An yi amfani da wannan aikin isar da wutar lantarki da kawo sauyi, tare da magance matsalar kara yawan sabbin makamashi a yankin Datong da ke arewa maso yammacin kasar. Hanyar makamashi tana da matuƙar mahimmanci. A halin yanzu, muna yin kowane ƙoƙari a cikin birni don gina aikin watsa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfin 1000kV da aikin sauyi daga Datong zuwa Huailai. Wannan aikin wani muhimmin bangare ne na ginin sabon makamashi na Jinbei, kuma aiwatar da shi zai iya magance matsalar yadda Datong ke da ikon fitar da sabbin makamashi na gargajiya. Bayan kammala wannan layin watsawa da sauye-sauye, bisa ra'ayin mazan jiya, za ta samar da ingantaccen makamashi na sa'o'i biliyan 100 na wutar lantarki a yankin Tianjin Hebei na birnin Beijing a kowace shekara, da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da wutar lantarki da inganta wutar lantarki. tsari a cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta Arewacin China.
Mai watsa shiri: To me yasa watsa wutar lantarki ta zama muhimmiyar alkibla ga canjin makamashi na Datong?
Ren Xijie: A da, muna fitar da gawayi zuwa kasashen waje, sannan kuma ana mayar da gawayin wutar lantarki. Kuna son layin dogo na Daqin ya fi nisan kilomita 650. Idan ba ku yi la'akari da filin ajiye motoci na fasaha ko saukewa ba, za ku iya gudanar da shi na akalla sa'o'i 10 a hanya ɗaya. Amma idan muka mayar da gawayin wutar lantarki, zai dauki ‘yan dakikoki kadan kafin mu watsa shi daga Datong zuwa sassan kasar. Don haka ka ga, yana da inganci sosai lokacin. Haka kuma, wutar lantarki mai inganci, mai tsafta, dacewa, kuma tushen makamashi mara ƙarancin carbon, don haka juya watsar gawayi zuwa watsa wutar lantarki lamari ne mai nasara da nasara.
A bara, wutar lantarki ta kai kilowatt biliyan 55. Datong ya aiko mani da sako cewa sun yi amfani da awanni kilowatt biliyan 15 da awanni kilowatt biliyan 40 wajen fita waje. Daga cikin sa'o'in kilowatt biliyan 55 na wutar lantarki, kusan sa'o'in kilowatt biliyan 10 ne aka samar da sabbin makamashi, inda akasarin sa'o'in kilowatt biliyan 9.75 ne. Kuna son sa'o'in kilowatt biliyan 9.75 na wutar lantarki ya kai kusan kashi 29% na yawan samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke ci gaba a lardin da ma kasar baki daya. Kasar dai na bukatar muradin kashi 30% nan da shekarar 2035. Kuna ganin a bana, daga 2023, mun riga mun cimma burinmu shekaru 12 a gaban jadawalin.
Store "makamashi"
Manyan bututun hayaki da farar hayaƙi ya zama ruwan dare ga kowane mutum na Datong, wanda a da ya wuce Datong First Thermal Power Plant. Amma a yanzu, an gina sabuwar tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a Shanxi, Wangning Energy Storage Power Station, a tsohon wurin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki, tare da cikakken amfani da wurin da ya yi ritaya da na'urorin watsa wutar lantarki don gina makamashi. Wannan ba kawai canji ne tsakanin "sabo" da "tsohuwar" ba, amma har ma hade da "karfi" da "karfi".
Wangning Energy Storage Power Tashar wutar lantarki a halin yanzu ita ce tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a Shanxi don kammala cikakkiyar haɗin grid. Yana ɗaukar cikakken ƙirar gidan da aka riga aka kera a waje kuma an sanye shi da tsarin ajiyar makamashi mai ƙarfi na Ningde Times 1500V mai sanyaya ruwa mai sanyaya lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate. Gabaɗaya ingantaccen juzu'i na tsarin ya fi 90%, sama da matsakaicin matakin masana'antu.
Li Yanfei (Masanin Fasahar Ajiye Makamashi na Zamanin Jiha): Tare da ƙwayoyin baturi sama da 7000, yana ɗaukar sa'o'i biyu don cika wannan akwati. Tare da sama da awoyi na kilowatt 6700 na wutar lantarki, zai iya wucewa na gida na yau da kullun har tsawon shekaru 5.
Wuri: A cikin mota
Mai watsa shiri: Magajin gari Ren, yayin bincikenmu, mun koyi cewa Datong yana da fa'ida a cikin ci gaban ci gaban koren kwal da tushen amfani da sansanonin watsa wutar lantarki. A sa'i daya kuma, Datong ya kuma yi kokari sosai wajen sauya nasarorin kirkire-kirkire na fasahar kwal. Menene muka yi musamman?
Ren Xijie: Za mu je reshen Datong na Cibiyar Injiniya Thermophysics, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, wacce kuma ita ce Cibiyar Tsaftace da Yin Amfani da Ingantaccen Binciken Kwal a Datong. Za mu sami amsar a can.
Mai watsa shiri: Mu duba tare.
Ren Xijie: Ok.
Mai watsa shiri: Wannan ita ce Cibiyar Bincike ta Coal ta Datong, wacce kuma ita ce cibiyar gwaji ta Cibiyar Injiniya ta Thermophysics ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, amma wannan tushe ba sabon abu ba ne. Ana gudanar da wani binciken matukin jirgi mai zurfi a cikin babban fili na labari shida na Cibiyar Binciken Datong Coal. Wannan shi ne tushe mafi girma na bincike na matukin jirgi don tsaftacewa da ingantaccen amfani da kwal a kasar Sin, da kuma wani wurin gwajin konewa mai tsabta da inganci da iskar gas a lardin Shanxi. Dandalin matukin jirgi a nan ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan hanyoyin bincike guda uku: tsabta, inganci da sassauƙan konewar kwal, rarrabuwa da amfani da kwal, da yin amfani da albarkatun dattin dattin carbon. Dukkansu an tsara su kuma an gina su bisa ga ƙa'idodin aji na farko na duniya. Ta hanyar fasahar da aka tabbatar ta hanyar gwaji, yanzu muna tafiya zuwa sararin arewa da kudancin ƙasarmu ta uwa.
Porcelain wani nau'in wakilci ne na kyawawan al'adun kasar Sin. A cikin tarihin shekara dubu na harbin anta a Jingdezhen, tukunyar wuta ta kasance sau ɗaya a cikin babban matsayi na dogon lokaci. Makarantun kwal sun bayyana a takaice a tsakanin shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970, suna dadewa sama da shekaru 20, sannan suka zama duniyar gas kilns da wutar lantarki. Koyaya, don gina yumbu tare da babbar buƙata a cikin al'ummar zamani, iskar gas da wutar lantarki ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ba.
A Gao'an, wani ginin masana'antar yumbura da ke lardin Jiangxi, wanda ba shi da nisa da Jingdezhen, makamashi ya kasance babbar matsala da ke hana ci gaban masana'antu a cikin gida: tsofaffin injin samar da iskar gas sun lalace sosai kuma dole ne a kawar da su, amma iskar gas ba ta kasance ba. kawai ba zai iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali ba, amma kuma ya fi tsada fiye da gawayi zuwa iskar gas. Fasahar iskar gas ɗin gado mai zagaya ruwa da fasahar ƙona iskar gas na Cibiyar Bincike ta Datong Coal suna canza yanayin samarwa da rayuwa a nan. Kudin makamashin da kamfanoni ke amfani da shi shine kashi daya bisa uku na kudin da ake kashewa wajen kona iskar gas, sannan kuma za su iya sarrafa gurbataccen gurbataccen hayaki daga tushe, da warware matsalolin tattalin arziki da muhalli na masana'antar gida gaba daya, kuma daga karshe ya kai ga Babban aikin kwal mafi girma a duniya don tsaftace aikin iskar gas na masana'antu na mita biliyan 9.
Masu bincike: Bayan an gama ƙaramar na'urar a cikin yanayin sanyi da zafi, an gano cewa hakan yana da ma'ana kuma ana iya amfani da abin da aka fitar. Za a gina wani babban dandali na sama da mita 20, wanda tuni aka yi la'akari da wani babban gwaji a kasar Sin.
Ren Xijie: Za mu iya sanya shi haka? Dandalin gwajin ku, musamman dandalin konewa mai zafi, shine mafi girma a kasar Sin.
Mai bincike: Don gwaje-gwaje, yana da mahimmanci.
Ren Xijie: Mataki na gaba shine nuni, wanda shine babban ci gaban masana'antu da aikace-aikace.
Mai bincike: E.
Ren Xijie: Canjin makamashi a birnin Datong, da yin amfani da fasahohin zamani na kwal, da kuma sauya nasarorin da aka samu, sun kasance batun da ya kamata a yi nazari a kai, kuma ya kasance matsala da ya kamata a magance ta a gaba. na gwamnatocin baya a birnin Datong. Datong na samar da tan miliyan 160 na danyen kwal a kowace shekara, wanda kashi 30% daga ciki shine gangu na kwal, kusan tan miliyan 50. Ton miliyan 50 fa? A da, yawancin wuraren zubar da shara ne, kuma ba a cika amfani da shi ba. Duk da haka, mun kawo Cibiyar Injiniya Thermophysics, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin. Manufarsa ba kawai don haɓaka konewa mai tsabta na kwal ba ne, amma mafi mahimmanci, don canza sabbin nasarorin da suka dogara da kwal. Muna fatan mu mai da sharar gida ta zama taska, fitar da duk wani gawayi, da sanya shi da gaske yana ba da gudummawa ga koren makamashin ɗan adam a cikin dukkan matakai, fagage, da fannoni.
Bayan shekaru hudu na kokarin, uku daga cikin 59 na ma'adinan kwal a Datong sun sami nasarar hakar ma'adinan fasaha, tare da kwanciyar hankali na samar da kwal a kusan tan miliyan 120, wanda ci gaban samar da kayayyaki ya kai 90.7%;
Layin dogo na Daqin, wanda ke da kasa da kashi 1% na aikin tafiyar da kasa, ya kammala kashi 23% na jimillar jigilar kwal na layin dogo da kashi 11.3% na jigilar jigilar kayayyaki na layin dogo, ci gaba da karya bayanan jimillar adadin, nesa, da saurin jigilar makamashin burbushin halittu. ta mutane;
A shekarar da ta gabata, wutar lantarki da ake yadawa daga Datong zuwa sassa daban-daban na kasar ya kai sa'o'i biliyan 39.26, wanda zai iya biyan bukatar wutar lantarkin kamfanoni 3926 da suke amfani da wutar lantarki na tsawon sa'o'i miliyan 10 a duk shekara, kuma za ta iya biyan bukatar wutar lantarki na gidaje miliyan 13.086. tare da amfani da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na 3000 kilowatt hours. Duk da haka, wannan bayanai har yanzu yana girma kowace shekara;
A Cibiyar Nazarin Coal ta Datong, nasarorin binciken kimiyya 5 sun kammala gwajin gwaji, kuma nasarorin binciken kimiyya 5 sun yi jerin gwano don gwajin matukin.
Datong yana haɓaka saurin canjin makamashi ta hanyar gina manyan sansanonin guda biyar, da cikakken haɓaka canjin kore na masana'antar makamashi zuwa sabon matakin!