Zulu
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi amalahle acushiwe, iyinto enemisebenzi eminingi futhi ebalulekile esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile. Ikhiqizwa ngokushisisa izinto ze-carbonaceous, njengezinkuni, amalahle, noma amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu lapho kungabikho umoya. Le nqubo idala inethiwekhi yama-pores kanye nendawo ephezulu, inikeze ikhabhoni ecushiwe izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zekhabhoni ecushiwe ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwe-mesopores, okuyizimbotshana ezinobubanzi obuphakathi kwama-nanometer angu-2 no-50. Lawa ma-mesopores athuthukisa kakhulu umthamo wokukhangisa wento, eyivumela ukuthi ibambe ngempumelelo ukungcola nokungcola okuvela kukho kokubili amagesi noketshezi. Lokhu kwenza ikhabhoni ecushiwe ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ezinqubweni zokuhlanza indle yasemadolobheni, amanzi okuphuza, nokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini.
Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sayo se-mesoporous, ikhabhoni ecushiwe inamandla amakhulu okusebenza, okuyenza ikwazi ukumelana nezidingo zomzimba zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuqina kuqinisekisa ukuthi kungasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuhlunga kanye nokuhlanza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhabhoni ecushiwe idume ngomthamo wayo oqinile we-adsorption, okuwumphumela wendawo yayo enkulu kanye nesakhiwo esinezimbotshana eziningi. Leli khono le-adsorption liyivumela ukuthi ihehe futhi igcine inhlobonhlobo yezinto ezingcolisayo, okuhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo, ama-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), i-chlorine, nokunye ukungcola okuvame ukutholakala emanzini nasemoyeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhabhoni ecushiwe iwumthombo ovuselelekayo, njengoba ingavuselelwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ngezinqubo ezinjengokuvuselela kabusha okushisayo noma ukuvuselelwa kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kwenza kube yisixazululo esimeme sezinqubo zokuhlanzwa kanye nokulungisa, ukunciphisa umthelela jikelele wemvelo wokulawulwa kwemfucuza kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa.
Sekukonke, inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yama-mesopores, amandla aphezulu emishini, amandla okukhangisa aqinile, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwenza ikhabhoni ecushiwe ibe into ebalulekile yokubhekana nezinselelo zokungcola kanye nokungcoliswa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezimboni. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwayo ekususeni ukungcola nokungcola okuvela kugesi noketshezi oluwuketshezi kuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo nasezinhlelweni zezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene
Ngo-1985, i-Datong Locomotive Works yabona ukuthi izitimela zikagesi zaziyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesitimela sesitimela saseChina kanye nemboni yamasheya esikhathini esizayo, futhi yabeka phambili umbono wokukhiqiza we-"Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) kanye ne-Datong Locomotive Works".
Isitimela sikagesi sohlobo 3 lwe-Shaoshan siyisizukulwane sesibili sezwe lami esithwala abantu abangu-6 kanye nesitimela sempahla. I-locomotive isebenzisa ukulungiswa kwegagasi eligcwele kohlobo lwebhuloho futhi ibona ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ebushelelezi elawulwa yisigaba se-thyristor. Isitimela sithatha isigaba esisodwa se-AC 25kV 50Hz voltage system futhi sinesivinini sokusebenza esiphezulu esingu-100km/h.
I-SS3B fixed heavy-duty electric locomotive iyisitimela esithwala impahla esingu-12-axle. Iqukethe izitimela ezimbili ezifanayo ezinama-axle angu-6 axhunywe i-coupler kanye ne-windshield. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zifakwe izixhumi zesistimu kagesi ezinamandla kagesi, izintambo zokulawula, nokuvikela inethiwekhi. Amapayipi okulawula ulayini nomoya. Imoto yonke ingalawulwa ngendlela efanayo kunoma iyiphi i-cab. Isitimela sithatha i-single- phase power frequency system, i-voltage engu-25kV, i-AC-DC transmission, kanti isivinini esikhulu sokusebenza sesitimela singu-100km/h.
Isitimela sikagesi esithuthukisiwe i-Shaoshan 4 iyisitimela esithwala impahla esingu-8-axle. Isitimela siqukethe izitimela ezimbili ezifanayo ezinama-axle amane axhunywe i-coupler kanye ne-windshield. Lezi zindawo zokusebenzela ezimbili zifakwe izixhumi ezinamandla kagesi aphezulu, izintambo zokulawula ukuxhuma kabusha kanye namapayipi okulawula amabhuleki emoyeni. Imoto yonke ingalawulwa ngokuhambisanayo ukusuka kukhabhu yomshayeli yanoma iyiphi enye yezimoto. Izitimela ezimbili nazo zingahlukaniswa futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuzimela njengesitimela esinama-axle amane.