Ii-Wheelsets zohlulwe ngokwee-wheelset zesithuthi kunye ne-locomotive wheelsets. Amavili kaLocomotive ahlulahlulwe abe ngamavili e-injini yomphunga, iiseti zenjini yedizili, iiseti zombane zikaloliwe kunye neeseti zeaxle ezihambayo zeeyunithi ezininzi ngokweentlobo zelocomotive. Amavili e-axle ahambayo eenqwelo zedizili, iilocomotives zombane kunye ne-emus zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zothumelo kwimizimba ye-axle. Iimoto zanamhlanje ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-emus zisebenzisa iziqhoboshi zediski, kwaye iidiski zebhuleki zifakwe kwimizimba ye-asi okanye amavili.

Iiseti zamavili ezinjini zomphunga zohlulwe ngokweevili ezikhokelayo, iiseti zamavili ezihambayo, iiseti zamavili eziqhutywayo kunye nezamanzi zamalahle. Ivili elikhokelayo libekwe ngaphambili kwi-locomotive kwaye lidlala indima yokhokelo lwelocomotive. Ivili elihambayo lidlala indima yokuhambisa amandla kaloliwe. Ivili lokuqhuba liqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cylinder piston (piston) nge-rocker, kwaye isondo lokuqhuba liqhutywa yintonga yokudibanisa. Kukho iikranki, imingxunya yezikhonkwane kunye neebhloko zokulinganisa kumbindi wevili levili elishukumayo, kwaye iikranki zamavili asekhohlo nasekunene kufuneka zibenomahluko wesigaba esingama-90 xa zidityanisiwe. Iibheringi zevili ezihambayo kunye nevili lokukhokela zingaphakathi kwivili. I-wheelset yamakhoboka kunye ne-coal-water wheelset ziyafana ngokumila kwi-wheelset yabakhweli kunye nezithuthi ezithuthayo.

Ii-Wheelsets zingohlulwa zibe zii-rolling bearing wheelsets kunye ne-sliding bearing wheelsets ngokweentlobo zokuthwala ezisebenza kwii-axles. Iimoto zabakhweli kwi-China Railway zamkelwe zonke, kwaye inani leemoto zomthwalo ezinamavili ajikelezayo liyanda imihla ngemihla.

Ngokomahluko wobukhulu obuvumelekileyo bomthwalo we-asi (olona xinzelelo luphezulu lwe-axle olwenziwa yi-wheelset kumzila kaloliwe), i-wheelset ye-axle ehambisa isilayidi iyahlulwe ibe ziindidi ezine: B, C, D kunye no-E, kunye nemilinganiselo iiasi kunye namavili odidi ngalunye lweseti yamavili ahlukile ngaphandle kwedayamitha yevili; Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zomkhweli kunye nemoto yempahla ejikelezayo: i-RC, i-RD kunye ne-RE, kwaye kukho ubude obuhlukeneyo bejenali kwi-wheelset efanayo ngenxa yeemodeli ezahlukeneyo zeebheringi eziqengqelekayo, ngoko ke amanani alandelayo asetyenziselwa ukwahlula, njenge-RC. kunye ne-RD. Ii-axles zenziwe ngentsimbi ephakathi kwekhabhoni ekumgangatho ophezulu ukuya kwiisilinda ezinobubanzi obahlukeneyo. Ngokweentlobo zezithuthi, inokwahlulwa ibe zii-axles zelocomotive kunye nee-axles zabakhweli kunye nelori. Ngokohlobo lokuthwala, inokohlulwa ibe yi-axle eslayidayo kunye ne-rolling bearing axle.

① Isitulo esinamavili, apho ivili licinezelwe khona, ikwayinxalenye enobukhulu obukhulu kwi-axle;

(2) ijenali, inxalenye ye-asi edibana nokuthwala;

(3) Umzimba we-asi, indawo ephakathi kwamavili amabini. Eminye imizimba yee-asi zabakhweli kunye neemoto ezithuthayo zicutheka kancinci ukusuka kwisitulo esinamavili ukuya embindini, kwaye eminye imizimba ye-axle inobude be-cylindrical. Iigiya zothumelo lwee-locomotives ze-diesel kunye nee-locomotives zombane kunye ne-axle-mounted brake discs ze-axle ze-locomotive kunye ne-disc brakes zihlanganiswe kwimizimba ye-axle;

(4) Isitulo sepleyiti esingangenwa luthuli, utshintsho phakathi kwejenali ye-asi kunye nesihlalo esinamavili kwi-asi yomkhweli kunye neemoto zomthwalo, apho kufakwe ipleyiti ekhusela uthuli yebhokisi ye-asi yokutyibilika okanye i-baffle engasemva yebhokisi ye-asi eqengqelekayo;

⑤ Iikhola ze-axle, iindawo eziphelweni zombini zomkhweli kunye nee-asi zemoto yomthwalo eziphuma kwiijenali ze-axle, zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela iibheringi ezityibilikayo ukuba zingahambi ngokugqithisileyo kwiijenali ze-asi, kwaye akukho khola ze-asi kwii-asi ezijikelezayo;

⑥ Igxalaba elingasemva lejenali kunye nenxalenye yejenali kufutshane nesihlalo sepleyiti esingangenwa luthuli zenziwa iarc inguquko ukunqanda ukuxinana koxinzelelo okubangelwa kukutshintsha ngesiquphe kwedayamitha.

Umthwalo kwi-axle ye-locomotive kunye nesitokhwe esiqengqelekayo sihlala sitshintsha, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-wheelset ihlala ijikeleza, ukuxinezeleka okutshintshileyo kuveliswa kwi-asi. Ke ngoko, umda wokuqina wemathiriyeli ye-axle kufuneka uphuculwe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, i-shaft shaft kufuneka icutshungulwe ngokusika okujikelezayo okugcweleyo, ijenali kunye nesihlalo esinamavili kufuneka siqiniswe ngokuqengqeleka, kwaye i-groove yokunciphisa umthwalo kufuneka ibekwe kwisihlalo sevili kunye nenguqu ye-arc. (i-rolling bear) yejenali igxalaba elingasemva. Ukufunyaniswa kwesiphene se-ultrasonic kunye ne-electromagnetic kufuneka kuqhutywe ngalo lonke ixesha lokusetyenziswa.

Ii-axles zihlala ziqinile, kodwa ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo lwe-axle kwinqanaba lomnqamlezo alulingani, kwaye ukusondela kumphezulu, ngakumbi uxinzelelo, ngelixa uxinzelelo oluphakathi luncinci kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-asi egobileyo endaweni ye-axle eqinileyo ukunciphisa impembelelo eyingozi yobunzima obungaphumiyo kwi-locomotives kunye nemigca. Nangona i-asi egongxoweyo izanywa iminyaka emininzi koololiwe bamanye amazwe, isaphononongwa kwaye iphuculwa ngenxa yemeko yoxinzelelo olunzima olusetyenziswayo [1].

Amavili acinezelwe kwi-asi, kwaye umgama ophakathi kwamavili amabini kwi-asi enye ulungelelaniswe kwi-gauge, ukuze i-wheelset ikwazi ukuqengqeleka kumzila kaloliwe.

Inxalenye yevili edibana nomzila kaloliwe, oko kukuthi, umsesane wangaphandle wevili, ubizwa ngokuba ngumqukumbelo okwivili elidibeneyo kunye netayara elikwivili letayara. Umphezulu werim okanye itayara elidibana nomzila ubizwa ngokuba yi-tread, kwaye indawo ephakanyisiweyo kwelinye icala le-rim ibizwa ngokuba yi-rim. I-rim ibekwe kwicala langaphakathi likaloliwe, elinokuthi lithintele i-wheelset ukuba ingabikho kwaye idlale indima ekhokelayo. Indawo yevili edityaniswe ne-asi ibizwa ngokuba yi-hub. I-Hub kunye ne-rim zixhunywe ngee-spokes. Izithethi zingaba ziidiski eziqhubekayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-spokes; Isenokuba liqela leesilinda ezicwangciswe ecaleni kwendlela yeradial, ebizwa ngokuba zii-spokes.

Ngokwesakhiwo, amavili anokwahlulwa abe ngamacandelo amabini: amavili amavili kunye namavili adibeneyo. Ivili letayara lenziwa ngokufakela itayara kwiziko levili ngendlela yokufaka eshushu kunye nokufaka iringi yogcino. Iringi yokuligcina inokuthintela itayara ukuba lingaphumi xa ivili kunye neziko lamavili likhululekile, kwaye lidlala indima yokhuseleko lokumisa. Ivili elidibeneyo kukudibanisa ivili kunye nomphetho kwiziko levili. Ukongeza, amanye amazwe amkela amavili aneelestikhi phakathi komphetho kunye newebhu. Olu hlobo lwevili lubizwa ngokuba livili elastiki, elidla ngokusetyenziswa kuphela kwizithuthi zikaloliwe eziphantsi komhlaba.

Ukusebenza, indawo yokunxibelelana yevili kunye nololiwe ithwele uxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye umphezulu wonxibelelwano uvelisa i-elastic deformation kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu lokunxibelelana. Ukusebenza, amavili asekhohlo nasekunene aqengqeleka kumzila kaloliwe ngeedayamitha ezahlukeneyo, okukhokelela ekutyibilikeni kunye nokunxitywa kwevili; Xa i-braking, ukunyathela kwevili kunxitywa kakhulu zizihlangu ze-brake, kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kuveliswa.

Zonke ezi zifuna ukuba izinto zokunyathela kwevili kufuneka zibe namandla aphezulu, ukuqina, ukuqina kwempembelelo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle. I-hub ecinezelwe kwi-axle ikakhulu ithwala i-elastic force, kwaye ii-spokes okanye ii-spokes zithwala kuphela uxinzelelo kunye namandla okugoba, afuna ukuqina okuphezulu.

Ivili kunye neziko levili levili linokwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngoko linokuhlangabezana ngcono nezi mfuno zingentla. Ivili elibalulekileyo lingaphantsi kwevili lokunganyangeki kwevili lokunyathela, kodwa likhaphukhaphu ngobunzima kwaye liyabiza kancinci. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, isondo aliyi kuphumla kwaye liqhekeke. I-China Railway isasebenzisa amavili etayara kwiilocomotives, kwaye zonke izithuthi zabakhweli kunye nemithwalo zisebenzise amavili entsimbi.

Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo ledayamitha yevili yidayamitha yesangqa esijikelezayo (isangqa esenziwe ngokuhlangana kwenqwelomoya ehambelana necala elingaphakathi levili kunye nokunyathela kwevili). Iidayamitha zamavili zeemoto zomthwalo, iimoto zabakhweli, iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kunye neenjini zombane ezisetyenziswa e-China Railway yi-840mm, 915mm, 1050mm kunye ne-1250mm ngokulandelelanayo. Ububanzi bamavili ahlukeneyo e-locomotive yomphunga iyahluka kunye nemodeli, kwaye ububanzi bamavili ahambayo buhlala buphakathi kwe-1370 kunye ne-2000 mm.

Umgca wecontour owenziwe ngumphetho wevili kwaye unyathele kwicandelo leradial yevili. Ukukhethwa kwevili levili kunye nokunyathela ukubunjwa akuchaphazeli kuphela ukunxiba kunye nobomi benkonzo yevili, kodwa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwe-curve kunye nokuqhuba umgangatho we-locomotive kunye nesithuthi. Umphetho uvumela amavili ukuba adlule kwiigophe kunye nokujika ngokuthembekileyo ngaphandle kokuphuma kwindlela. Ukunyathela ku-conical, kunye ne-taper ye-1:10 kufuphi nesangqa esijikelezayo.

Xa udlula kwigophe, ivili langaphandle liqengqeleka kuloliwe wangaphandle kunye nobubanzi obukhulu kufutshane nomphetho, kwaye ivili langaphakathi liqengqeleka kuloliwe ongaphakathi kunye nobubanzi obuncinci, ukuze kwelinye icala, i-wheelset idlale indima ekhokelayo. kunye nokutshintshwa kwendlela yomgca, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, ukuhlukana komgama ojikelezayo phakathi kwevili elingaphakathi kunye nesondo elingaphandle kunokuhlawula impembelelo yokwahlukana kubude bomzila wangaphakathi kunye nomzila wangaphandle.

Xa ubaleka kumgca othe ngqo, ukuba i-wheelset iyatenxa kwindawo yayo esembindini kumgca, umahluko phakathi kweradio eqengqelekayo yamavili amabini uya kwenza ukuba iseti yevili ihambe kwicala lokubuyisela indawo yayo esembindini. I-taper yecala elingaphandle levili yi-1: 5, enokuthi inyuse umehluko phakathi kwe-radii ejikelezayo yamavili amabini e-wheelset kwaye yenza kube lula ukudlula kwi-curve encinci ye-radius. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyathela kwe-conical kukwayingcambu yentshukumo efana nenyoka yezitimela kunye nezithuthi kwaye ichaphazela umgangatho wokuhamba. Ukunciphisa i-taper yokunyathela kuyanceda ukunqanda intshukumo yokuzingela, kodwa ukunxiba kwevili lomphetho kucacile, kwaye umjikelo wevili kunye nobomi benkonzo yevili bufutshane kakhulu.

Le ndlela isetyenziswa kuphela koololiwe abathile ababaleka ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iprofayili yokunyathela yevili lesondo linxiba ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lokuqala lokusebenza, kwaye lihlala lizinzile kwaye ukunxiba kuyancipha. Emva kokulungiswa kwe-rotary, imilo ayinakugcinwa ixesha elide, kwaye isixa sokusika isinyithi sikhulu kakhulu. Ke ngoko, oololiwe kwamanye amazwe bamkele uhlobo lweprofayili yokunyathela ngamavili ekufutshane nemeko ezinzileyo yokunxiba, kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi- wear tread. Ukwamkela le milo akunakunciphisa kuphela ukunxitywa kwevili kunye nokwandisa umjikelo wokulungisa i-rotary, kodwa nokunciphisa uxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano ngenxa yokuphucula i-wheel-rail contact state.