Zulu
Lapho zihamba, izimoto zithintwa amandla ahlukene okumelana, njengamandla okungqubuzana kusuka ekusebenzelaneni nendawo yomgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, izimoto kufanele ziqongelele amandla adingekayo ukuze zinqobe amandla okumelana nokuqala kokuma nokusheshisa. Ukumelana nomgwaqo kubizwa ngokuthi ukumelana kwe-tractive, futhi ukudonsa, okunqoba lokhu kumelana, kudala umphumela wokudonsa. Ngaphezu kokumelana nomgwaqo, izimoto kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nomoya. Kumaloli kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukumelana komoya kuhambisana nendawo yemoto engaphambili futhi isivinini sayo sikhuphukele emandleni esithathu (s^3). Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bamaloli akufanele babhekisise kuphela i-gearbox kanye nepharamitha yesilinganiso segiya (min ne-max), kodwa futhi balethe le mingcele ekuxhumaneni namandla, isisindo semoto uqobo, isisindo semoto eyi-gross, njll. Lapho ukhetha i-gearbox ye imoto, ochwepheshe bacabangela isilinganiso samandla nesisindo, okungukuthi isilinganiso samandla enjini aphezulu nesisindo sayo esiphelele.
Izici ze-gearbox zinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kukaphethiloli. Izinkampani ezaziwayo ezifana ne-Eaton, Allison, ZF ziqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izixazululo ezintsha ze-gearbox, ezihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile kubanikazi bamaloli okuthengisa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenza kokudlulisela kuncike ezimweni zomgwaqo, umjikelezo wokusebenza kwenjini (izikhathi ezinde zokushayela ngesivinini esingaguquki noma ukuma nokuqala njalo), isivinini esimaphakathi semoto, njll.
Amaloli ayahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu, amandla, nokumiswa kwawo; izinhlobo ezincane zingase zifane mshini nezinye izimoto zabagibeli. Lezi zimoto zingaba zikhulu kakhulu futhi zibe namandla, futhi zingase zilungiselwe ukulungisa izisetshenziswa ezikhethekile, njengamaloli ezicishamlilo nezixube zikakhonkolo nezimba zokudonsa. Amaloli esimanje asetshenziswa kakhulu yizinjini zikadizili, nakuba amaloli amancane kuya kosayizi omaphakathi anenjini kaphethiloli ekhona e-US, Canada naseMexico. Amaloli esimanje aklanyelwe ukugijima amabanga amade. Ngakho-ke, lezi zimoto kufanele zifakwe ama-gearbox athembekile kakhulu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.
Ukudluliswa kwamaloli iyinhlanganisela yamayunithi ahlobene, asiza ukudlulisa i-torque yenjini emasondweni okushayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani le-torque kanye nokuqondiswa kwayo kungashintshwa kuye ngezinye izici. Ukuhanjiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene namamodeli wamaloli kunezici zakhona ezihlukile, ezinqunywa izinto ezifana nenani lama-ekseli okushayela, izici zedizayini ngayinye yemoto, njll. Ukuhanjiswa okujwayelekile kwamaloli okwenziwa ngesandla kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezifana ne-clutch, i-gearbox, i-propshaft, ukudlulisa. icala.
Ngokuqondene ne-torque, edluliselwa ngosizo lokudlulisela emasondweni ahamba phambili eloli, ilingana ngokuqondile nezilinganiso zegiya zokudlulisela. Izilinganiso zamagiya zinqunywa onjiniyela bemoto ngayinye ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwayo. Inani le-torque linqunywa izici zobuchwepheshe kanye neziguquguqukayo, okufanele zisetshenziswe kumodeli eyenziwayo.
Ukukhasa ezindaweni eziwumngcingo zasemadolobheni esiminyaminya ngokuma nokuhamba njalo, ukuhamba emiseleni yamathayi yendawo yokwakha enodaka, noma ukuginqa udoti wendawo yokuhlala - ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwamaloli e-Class 6 - 8 noma izimoto zentengiso kungabeka izidingo ezithile zamabhokisi kagiya. uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abakuthelawayeka. Kodwa-ke, ayikawuyeki umkhuba ojwayelekile wokuzishintshanisa emalolini nasezimotweni zezentengiselwano, okuthinta ikakhulukazi ama-gearbox.
I-gearbox ye-manual ihlolwe amashumi eminyaka yizigidi zabashayeli bamaloli ezentengiselwano, ababheka lesi sixazululo njengesixazululo esifaneleka kakhulu samaloli: ama-gearbox asebenza ngesandla alula, awabizi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekugcinweni kwawo, futhi aqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli kuncishisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ama-gearbox ashintshwayo anesici esisodwa esibalulekile, esingasibekela konke okuhle okubalulwe ngenhla futhi alethe ukunengeka kubashayeli: ukuguqulwa kwegiya okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kanyekanye ngamaphedali kungase kube nzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esiminyaminya edolobheni. Akumangalisi ukuthi namuhla abakhiqizi bamaloli, abanobuchwepheshe bamuva abanabo, bazama ukwanelisa izidingo zabashayeli futhi benze inqubo yokuguqula amagiya ibe lula kakhulu futhi yehluleke iphephe. Ngokwemisebenzi eminingi yocwaningo, INyakatho Melika ilandela i-Europe enkambweni “ye-shiftless-ness” njengoba ama-gearbox azenzakalelayo nazenzelayo eqhubeka nokuduma engxenyeni yamaloli entengiso. Izizathu zihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kanye nokuqasha abashayeli kanye nokukhiqiza kalula kunamabhukwana, kanye nokuphepha okukhulu.
Emalolini amancane ungathola ama-gearbox ashintshwayo afana nezisombululo ezishintshayo ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zabagibeli. Ivamise ukuba namagiya acishe abe ayisithupha futhi ivamise ukuba ne-synchronizer. Kulamaloli i-H-pattern elula kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Nokho, kuba nzima nakakhulu uma usebenzisana namaloli amakhulu nezimoto zezentengiselwano ezinamagiya engeziwe. Kulamaloli amakhulu kuvame ukuba nezilawuli ezengeziwe ezisiza ukuphatha amagiya ahlukene. Emalolini amadala, ukulawulwa kuvame ukuba i-lever ehlukile efakwe phansi noma kamuva nje - inkinobho yomoya efakwe ku-"H" lever; emalolini amasha isilawuli kuvame ukushintshwa kukagesi okufakwe ku-"H" lever. Ama-gearbox alawula okuningi akhiwe ngezilinganiso zamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kodwa awavamile ukusebenzisa i-synchromish. Kunezinye izindlela ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zephethini eguqukayo - Ububanzi, I-Splitter, Range-Splitter. Ama-gearbox anamuhla ama-manual wamaloli ajwayele kakhulu "ukuhlukanisa uhla".
Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwesimanje kunomehluko omkhulu kwabandulelayo, okwakusetshenziswa emalolini okuhweba. Umehluko omkhulu usebuningini bamabanga amagiya nakusona kanye isimiso sokulawula ukudluliswa kwamaloli. Inani lamagiya kuma-gearbox amadala azishintshayo lalilinganiselwe ku-5, futhi ukulawula kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-hydraulics. Kulezi zinsuku, abakhiqizi bama-transmission banikeza ama-gearbox azenzakalelayo anamagiya angaphezu kwama-5, alawulwa ngogesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-gearbox esimanje azishintshayo afakwe i-torque converter lock-up.
Uhlu lwezinzuzo zama-gearbox esimanje azishintshayo amaloli okuhweba luhlanganisa inqubo yokushintsha igiya ebushelelezi. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli emigwaqweni yasemakhaya kuqhathaniswa nezinga elisetshenziswayo uma usebenzisa u-gearbox oshintshwayo. I-automatic transmission ivumela abashayeli ukuthi bashayele iloli kalula nangokuphepha, banake kakhulu umgwaqo futhi bangaphazanyiswa amagiya ashintshwayo. Izithiyo ezinkulu ezincintisanayo zama-gearbox azishintshayo amaloli athengiswayo ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukunakekelwa kanye nezinkinga zokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo okuholela ezinsizakalweni zokukhanda ezibizayo.
I-automated manual transmission (AMT) ithathwa njengenye isixazululo esithembisayo sokudlulisa amaloli nezimoto zezentengiselwano. Ama-AMT ayafana nokuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla ngokwamakhono okusebenza nezimiso zokusebenza. Kungase kushiwo ukuthi i-AMT icishe ifane no gearbox oshintshwayo, kodwa ihlanganisa ama-servo kanye nama-hydraulic drives, alawula ukusebenza kwe-clutch kanye nenqubo yokushintsha igiya. Ama-AMT aphawuleka ngokusebenza kahle kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini okuzenzakalelayo akubizi kangako ekunakekeleni nasekulungiseni njengama-othomathikhi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli komshini ozishintshayo kuhambisana nezinga lama-gearbox ashintshwayo (ngezinye izikhathi ama-AMTs angase angonge kakhulu uphethiloli). Uma amaloli anama-gearbox azenzakalelayo kulula ukuwasebenzisa, kodwa adinga izindleko ezinkulu zikaphethiloli nezinsizakalo, khona-ke amaloli anama-AMTs awagcini nje ngokuba lula kodwa futhi anamandla ngokwezomnotho.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ususa u-gearbox oshintshwayo noma i-AMT bese ubamba i-clutch, i-torque yenjini iyaphazamiseka futhi lawo mandla awehlisi emasondweni. Ku-gearbox ozishintshayo ngokuphelele, i-torque converter ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe amagiya ngaphandle kokuphazamisa i-torque esuka enjinini iye emasondweni.
Njengoba amabhokisi kagiya azenzakalelayo kanye nezixazululo ze-AMT kancane kancane zishayela izinketho zokushintsha amagiya avela emakethe yokuthunyelwa kwamaloli nezimoto zezentengiselwano, sizobuyekeza lezi zinhlobo zamagiya ngemininingwane eyengeziwe.
Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi isiguquli se-torque, ingxenye engumshini, isistimu yokulawula kanye nezindlela ezisizayo. Isiguquli se-torque sisebenza njengendlela yokudlulisa i-hydraulic, lapho amandla adluliswa khona ukugeleza kwe-ATF. Isiguquli se-torque siqukethe i-impeller yepompo, umgijimi we-turbine, nesiqalisi. Indlela yokukhiya iqinisekisa ukonga uphethiloli okungcono. Isiguquli se-torque sinikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwenjini nokudluliswa, kunciphisa imithwalo eguquguqukayo, kuvimbela injini ukuthi ime ngesikhathi sokulayisha ngokweqile, futhi kwenyusa i-torque enjinini lapho iqala ukusuka lapho imile futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zomgwaqo.
Amagiya amaplanethi ama-3 nama-clutch ashayisanayo, aqinisekisa inqubo yokuguqula igiya lokudlulisela. Inani lesilinganiso segiya lishintsha kancane kancane ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwamandla. Ukushintshashintsha kwegiya kwenziwa yi-control system nge-automatic mode. Amamodeli amaningi ama-automatic transmission afakwe i-hydrodynamic retarder, esebenza ukwehlisa ijubane lemoto nokunciphisa ukuguga kwama-brake pads. I-retarder ivamise ukufakwa kuma-automatic transmissions emabhasini nasemishinini nasezimotweni ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Amayunithi okulawula ama-elekthronikhi athuthukile (ECU) okuthumela okuzenzakalelayo aqinisekisa ukuguquguquka okuphezulu ezimweni zomgwaqo kanye nesitayela sokushayela, futhi avumele ukusebenzisa imisebenzi eyengeziwe. Ngokwesicelo sekhasimende, ukudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi kungase kufakwe izinkinobho- noma uhlobo lwe-lever-transmission shifters othomathikhi.
I-Allison Transmission, omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wokuthutha okuzenzakalelayo kwamaloli nezimoto zezentengiselwano, ihlomisa izixazululo zayo zokudlulisela ngesistimu yokuxilonga yokudlulisela iloli ebizwa ngokuthi i-Prognostics, evumela umshayeli ukuthi aqaphe isimo sezingxenye eziyinhloko zemoto. Umsebenzi Wesihlungi Sempilo Yamafutha silawula ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, songa uphethiloli ngenkathi ushayela nalapho injini ingasebenzi. Umsebenzi we-Filter Life Monitor wazisa umshayeli ngesidingo sokushintsha isihlungi sokudlulisa. I-function transmission Health Monitor iqapha isimo samasekhethi edrayivu yokudlulisela futhi ixwayisa umshayeli ngesidingo sokulungiswa okunesikhathi esikahle kanye nokulungiswa kabusha.
Namuhla i-Allison Transmission inikeza izixazululo eziningi zokudlulisela zamaloli nezimoto zezentengiselwano (amamodeli wokudlulisela we-Series 1000, 2000, 3000, kanye ne-4000). Esinye isisombululo sika-TC10 esizenzakalelayo saklanywa u-Allison ngezimoto ezidonsayo. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Allison kweTorqmatic Series kusetshenziselwa amabhasi. Amaloli athwala kanzima, asetshenziswa embonini yezimayini neyokwakha, ajwayele ukuhlonyiswa nge-Allison 5000, 6000, 8000 kanye ne-9000 Series transmissions.
I-Volvo, umkhiqizi owaziwayo wamaloli, iphinde inikeze izixazululo ezisebenza kahle zokuthumela okuzenzakalelayo, njenge-Powertronic. I I-Powertronic ingu-6-speed automatic transmission enesilawuli se-elekthronikhi, eklanyelwe ukunyakaza ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kokumisa. I-Powertronic transmission ifakwe isiguquli se-torque ukuqinisekisa amandla aphezulu uma isuka lapho imile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwetorque edluliselwa emasondweni okushayela. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kudluliswa kuyindlela efanelekile yamaloli akwaVolvo asebenza ezindaweni zokwakha kanye nethrafikhi yasemadolobheni.
I-Voith yenkampani inikeza umndeni wezinto ezizenzakalelayo ezibizwa nge-DIWA, ezihloselwe amabhasi edolobha namabhasi angaphansi kwedolobha. Okubalulekile kulawa ma-automatic transmissions ukuthi i-torque yenjini ihanjiswa ngomshini kanjalo nangamanzi. Ukuqala kokuma kwenziwa nge-hydraulically, futhi njengoba ijubane lokunyakaza landa ukubamba iqhaza kwe-hydraulics kancane kancane kuthathelwe indawo ingxenye yemishini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amandla enjini ahlukaniswe ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela kwe-torque converter futhi ahlanganiswe kamuva. Ngakho-ke, isiguquli se-torque namagiya amabili eplanethi akha igiya le-1-st hydro-mechanical. Ngakho-ke, ukudluliswa kwe-DIWA kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunhlobonhlobo yezivinini, iqinisekisa ukuqala okushelelayo kokuma nokusheshisa okuqhubekayo. Khona-ke, uhlelo lokudlulisela lusebenzisa ukudluliswa kwe-torque okuyimishini, esebenza ngokulahleka okuncane. Isiguquli se-torque sisebenza kanyekanye njenge-hydraulic retarder, eqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokushesha kwebhuleki le-hydraulic kungakhathaliseki ukuthi igiya elibanjiwe.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwalokhu kudluliselwa kufinyelelwa ngenxa yenhlanganisela "i-differential-torque converter". Ngenkathi amagiya ajwayelekile ashintshashintshayo ashintsha izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ekuqaleni, i-Voith DIWA iyaqhubeka isebenzisa igiya elingu-1 - ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlanganisa isiguquli se-torque kanye nezingxenye zomshini zokudlulisela iloli. Ngakho-ke, inani elincane lamashifu lenza ukunyakaza kwebhasi kube bushelelezi futhi kunciphise ukugqokwa kwama-friction discs. Isiguquli se-torque ku-DIWA sitholakala phakathi kwebhokisi legiya, ukuma okunjalo kusize ukuqeda amashubhu amaningi namapayipi okuxhumana.
Inkampani yaseJalimane i-ZF iphinde inikeze nezixazululo ezimangalisayo zokudlulisela amaloli nezimoto zezentengiselwano. Isibonelo, i-6-speed automatic transmission ZF EcoLife ihloselwe amaloli namabhasi. Lokhu kudluliswa kunesistimu yokupholisa esebenza kahle, evumela ukusebenza ezimweni zokushisa ezinzima kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela wokudlulisela kusishintshi sokushisa lifinyelela ku-120°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela be-ZF basebenzise lapha isiguquli se-torque esinamazinga aphezulu okusheshisa lapho ipharamitha ye-RPM yenjini iphansi. Idamper ye-torque vibration eyakhelwe ngaphakathi inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli uma iqala ukusuka lapho imile ngendlela yokukhubaza ngokushesha ukuvala i-torque converter.
Enye i-6-speed automatic transmission i-ZF-PowerLine, ehloselwe izimoto ezincane ezithengiswayo, iphawuleka ngokonga kwayo kuphethiloli ngenxa ye-torque converter ethuthukisiwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-othomathikhi yokuguqula i-torque ku-gearbox ye-ZF isetshenziswa ekuqaleni kokunyakaza futhi iyeka ukusebenza lapho imoto isheshisa ijubane lika-10-15 km / h. kulokhu asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa igiya le-1-st "elide". Umndeni wakwa-ZF transmissions Ecomat wawuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile amabhasi edolobha kanye nezimoto ezinenhloso ekhethekile.
Namuhla, izinto zikagesi zidlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni amasistimu ahlukene asetshenziswa emalolini. Njengamanje, i-microprocessor ilawula ukusebenza hhayi nje kokushisa injini, kodwa futhi ne-clutch ne-gearbox. Inzuzo eyinhloko yokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi phezu kwezinketho zemishini, i-hydraulic noma i-pneumatic ukusabela okungcono kanye nethuba lokuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lamapharamitha. Izindlela zokusebenza ezihlukene zingashintshwa ngokumisa kabusha isofthiwe, kunokwenza izinguquko ekwakhiweni kokudlulisela. Ngakho-ke, izinto zikagesi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto kanye nolwazi lokushayela oluphephile. Ngakho-ke, amaloli amaningi kakhulu (ikakhulukazi amaloli asindayo) afakwe ukuthunyelwa kwezandla okuzenzakalelayo. Abantu abaningi badida lolu hlobo lokudlulisela ngesixazululo sokushintsha amagiya okuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo, ngokungafani ne-AMT, kunama-torque converter.
Idizayini yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo ingase ihlanganise idrayivu ye-electromechanical, electro-pneumatic noma i-electro-hydraulic, eguqula amasignali atholwe kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi (ECU) ibe i-angular displacement yemfoloko ye-clutch. I-AMT ngokwayo ihlanganisa i-electromotor ene-servo drive, ehambisa imfoloko ye-clutch. Lesi sixazululo sobuchwepheshe esibonakala silula silawulwa isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi, ecubungula amasignali asuka ku-joystick lever, etholakala kukhebhu yeloli, lapho umshayeli eshintsha amagiya. Ngakho-ke, kukhona amaphedali amabili kuphela ku-cabin yeloli ene-AMT - igesi nebhuleki. Ukudluliswa kwamaloli anjalo kwavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90 futhi ekuqaleni lobu buchwepheshe babonwa abashayeli ngokungathembi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emuva ngalezo zinsuku, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini okuzenzakalelayo kwakubiza kakhulu kunokuthunyelwa ngesandla. Kodwa kulezi zinsuku, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu futhi obungabiza kakhulu, ayanda amaloli afakwe izinto ezizenzakalelayo. I-Eaton bekuyinkampani yokuqala emakethe yama-automatic transmissions nge-AutoShift transmission eyethulwe ngeminyaka yawo-90's. Kusukela lapho, iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo we-Eaton iye yanezelwa nge-UltraShift eyi-6-speed midrange kanye ne-10-, 11-, 13- kanye ne-18-speed esindayo UltraShift Pluses.
I-automated mechanical transmission (AMT) ithola ukuduma embonini yezimoto, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo kobuhle bokushintshwa kwemishini kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinto ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, izindleko eziphansi, ukunethezeka kokushayela okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinga elishintshashintshayo. Kulezi zinsuku, ukuthunyelwa kwamaloli okuzenzakalelayo kukhiqizwa yizinkampani eziningi ezahlukene: ZF, Volvo, Daimler AG, Eaton, Mack, Detroit Diesel, Mercedes, Man, njll. Manje ake sibhekisise izisombululo ze-AMT eziphawulekayo ezinikezwa yilezi zinkampani.
I-Volvo Trucks inikeza i-6-speed automated manual transmission I-Sync, ehloselwe amaloli e-Volvo FL. Lokhu kudluliswa kwamaloli kuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile injini ye-D7 nokusebenza emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Idrayivu ye-electro-hydraulic iqinisekisa ukushintshwa kwegiya okushelelayo lapho ushayela esiminyaminya sedolobha elinezitobhi ezivamile . I-I-Sync transmission itholakala ngezinguqulo ezimbili - ngenjini ye-D5K kanye neyenjini ye-D8K. I-lever efakwe ngemuva kwesiteringi ivumela umshayeli ukuthi akhethe i-manual noma i-automatic gear-shifting mode. Ayikho i-clutch pedal emalolini anokudlulisa kwe-I-Sync - ukuguqula igiya okwenziwa ngesandla kwenziwa ngosizo lwelever eshiwo ngenhla. Kwimodi ezenzakalelayo, ukudlulisa kwe-I-Sync ngokuzimela kushintsha amagiya ngesikhathi esikhethwe kahle. Umthamo we-torque walokhu kudlulisa ungafinyelela ku-1050 Nm, okwenza ukuhanjiswa kwe-I-Sync kube inketho ekahle yamaloli asebenza ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Esinye isixazululo se-AMT esaziwayo esakhiwe ngabakwaVolvo Trucks ukuhanjiswa kwe-I-Shift. Lokhu kushintshwa kususelwa ku-gearbox oyi-manual constant-mesh. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalokhu kudluliswa kwe-"smart" iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi (ECU), elawula ukusebenza kwe-clutch yokudlulisela kanye nenqubo yokushintshwa kwegiya. I-ECU ishintsha amagiya ngokunembe kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwedatha yejubane lamaloli, isisindo, i-torque edingekayo, ibanga lomgwaqo neminye imingcele. Uhlelo futhi lushintshanisa idatha nenjini, yona, elawula izinga le-RPM kanye nokubhuleka kwenjini ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu. Lesi sixazululo sokudlulisa senzelwe ukonga uphethiloli ongafika ku-5%. Lo mshini ozishintshayo ungase ube negiya elilodwa noma amabili okwehlisa isivinini, kanye nenketho enamagiya ahlehlayo engeziwe. Amagiya anciphisa isivinini athuthukisa kakhulu amandla okuqalisa ukusuka lapho emile, ehlisa umthwalo ku-clutch ukuya ku-75 %, futhi asize ukugwema izinsiza zokulungisa ezengeziwe.
I-Mack Trucks inikeza i-mDrive (12-speed) kanye ne-mDrive HD (okuhlukile kwesivinini esingu-13- kanye ne-14) okuzenzakalelayo okuhloselwe amamodeli ahlukene wamaloli e-Mack.
Ukuthunyelwa kwamaloli e-Mack kuthuthukisiwe ukuze kusebenze kahle ngezinjini ze-Mack MP nama-ekseli ngakho-ke akukho nkinga yokuhambisana noma ukusebenza. Ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, ukusebenza okulula kanye nokukhiqizwa kweMelika, lezi zixazululo zokudlulisela aziqinisekisi kuphela ukuguqulwa kwamagiya okuphumelelayo, kodwa futhi nokonga kukaphethiloli, ukuguga okuncishisiwe, kanye nesipiliyoni esikahle sokushayela.
I-Detroit Diesel Corporation, inkampani ephethwe yi-Daimler Trucks North America (yona ephethwe yi-German Daimler AG ngokuphelele), inikeza i-DT12 yokuhambisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ehloselwe amaloli athwala kanzima. Lokhu kudluliswa kwamaloli kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguquguquka kwegiya, ukuqina kanye nokusebenza kalula.
I-DT12 transmission ixhuma injini kuma-ekseli, futhi ixhumana ne-DD13 ne-DD15 kunethiwekhi ye-elekthronikhi edidiyelwe ukuze kwabelwane ngedatha enciphisa umonakalo efana nokulayishwa ngokweqile kwe-clutch nokuvikelwa kwe-driveline. I-DT12 isebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kumephu yendawo ukuze ilawule kokubili ukusebenza kwenjini kanye nebhokisi lamagiya, isebenzisa indawo ezungezile yeloli.
Umndeni wama-automated transmissions iMercedes-Benz PowerShift ihlanganisa amamodeli amaningana okudlulisela. Inqubo yokushintsha igiya emalolini afakwe i-12-speed PowerShift yenziwa ngokushesha nangokushelela. Lawa ma-transmission anemodi “yokuqondisa” namagiya ethrafikhi yolayini oyinhloko ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nezinga eliphansi le-RPM. Amaloli e-line-haul Mercedes-Benz Actros afakwe inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-PowerShift 2. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe, amagiya ashintshwa ngokushesha nangokushelela. Amaloli okwakha iMercedes-Benz Actros ifakwe i-12-speed AMT PowerShift Off-road, okuyizindlela ezimbalwa zokusebenza namagiya angu-4 ahlehlayo. Isakhiwo salo gearbox sihlanganisa ne-tilt sensor kanye nohlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu olubushelelezi oluqala uma umile. I-8-speed AMT PowerShift GO 240-8 ifakwe kubaqeqeshi bezivakashi i-Mercedes-Benz Travego и Tourismo.
I-MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Gruppe ikhiqiza ukuhanjiswa kwe-TipMatic okuzenzakalelayo, okudala ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kokunethezeka nokusebenza kahle. I-12-speed TipMatic transmission enemodi "off-road" namagiya angu-2 ahlehlayo yakhelwe amaloli athwala kanzima i-TGX ne-TGS.
Lo mshini ozishintshayo ungase ube negiya eliqondile noma igiya le-overdrive. Izindlela zokusebenza zikhethwa ngosizo lwe-switcher ku-centre console, kuyilapho amagiya eshintshwa kusetshenziswa i-under-steering shifter. I-TipMatic transmission ingase ifakwe i-retarder MAN PriTarder noma ne-ZF intarder. Ngesicelo, i-TipMatic ingase ifakwe izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokulawula: I-Profi (ukukhahlela phansi kwemodi yokuguqula ngokuzenzela), i-Fleet (yabashayeli abangenalwazi).
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abakhiqizi abaningi bamaloli bakhetha ukufaka ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo noma okuzenzakalelayo emikhiqizweni yabo, ukuthunyelwa kwezandla kusenesabelo esibalulekile engxenyeni yamaloli okuhweba. Basebaningi abathanda izixazululo ezithembekile nezinentengo ephusile yokudlulisa ngesandla, abathanda ukuphatha uhlelo lokushintsha igiya ngosizo lomshini wokuhambisa amaloli oshintshwayo. Ukuhanjiswa kwesivinini esiyishumi kusalokhu kuwuhlobo olujwayelekile lwamaloli omgwaqo omkhulu, nakuba amabhokisi anesivinini esingu-13 no-18 ethandwa phakathi kwabashayeli bamaloli amabanga amade futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ngezinjini zamahhashi aphezulu. Amaloli asetshenziswa ekwakheni nakweminye imisebenzi ajwayele ukuba nogearbox wejubane “ophansi-ophansi” onamagiya angu-11 anamazinga amathathu esilinganiso esikhundleni samabili emigwaqweni emikhulu. Izinkampani ezaziwayo njenge-Eaton, ZF, kanye neVolvo azideli ekukhetheni ukuthutha okwenziwa ngesandla emalolini nasezimotweni zezentengiselwano. Ukwamukelwa kwama-automatic aphelele kanye nama-AMTs emalolini kuqhutshwa kakhulu izimfuno zabashayeli zokuthokomala nokunethezeka kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwenza izibikezelo ezinembile zemboni enjalo ye-hi-tech, lapho izinkampani zenza umzamo omkhulu kanye nezinsiza zezezimali ezibalulekile ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zezobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-10 noma engu-15 edlule eyayibonakala ingakholeki. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esingekude kangako yonke imisebenzi yezentengiselwano izokwenziwa ngamaloli azishayelayo.