1. 1.Imikhiqizo yenyama eyenziwe

Uma kuqhathaniswa namaprotheni ezilwane, ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni ezinambuzane kubangela umthwalo omncane wemvelo, izindleko zokudla, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa amaprotheni ezinambuzane njengengxenye yenyama yesikhathi esizayo kungenye yezixazululo zokubhekana nokukhula kwenani labantu esikhathini esizayo kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.

Ukusebenzisa impushana yesikelemu ephuzi, impushana ephuzi yesikelemu ephuzi, noma iphrotheni yesikelemu esiphuzi esikhundleni senyama yezilwane emikhiqizweni yenyama kungagwema ukuzondwa kwabathengi ku-morphology yezinambuzane okuholela ezinqumweni zokusetshenziswa. U-Orkusz ubuyekeze futhi waqhathanisa inani lokudla okunempilo kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yenyama nezinambuzane, futhi wathola ukuthi izinambuzane nemikhiqizo yenyama inokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni afanayo, okuqukethwe kwe-amino acid ebalulekile, nokuqukethwe okunamafutha abalulekile, konke okunganikeza izakhi ezidingekayo zomzimba womuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane zingaphinde zinikeze uvithamini C kanye ne-fiber yokudla.

U-Cho kanye no-Ryul bengeze impushana yesikelemu esiphuzi emikhiqizweni yenyama eyenziwe ngezitshalo, enesisekelo esiqukethe u-65% wempushana kabhontshisi osuliwe, u-25% we-soy protein isolate, kanye no-10% wesitashi sombila. Impethu ephuzi yengezwe ku-15% kanye no-30% wesithako esiyisisekelo, futhi inyama efanisiwe yatholwa ngokukhipha izikulufu ezimbili. Impushana ephuzi ye- mealworm yandisa ukunyibilika kwamaprotheni, ukugayeka kokudla, kanye nomsebenzi we-antioxidant, kodwa yehlisa izici zokuthungwa kwenyama eyenziwe.

Lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukuba buthakathaka kokusebenzelana kwamangqamuzana phakathi kwenethiwekhi yamaprotheni kabhontshisi wesoya yimpushana ephuzi ye- mealworm, efana nomthelela wokwengeza impushana yesikelemu ephuzi kunethiwekhi ye-gluten. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokusetshenziswa zomsundu ophuzi omisiwe omisiwe, okomisiwe kanye ne-microwave ezomisiwe zomswenya ophuzi zinephunga elingcono, okungenzeka kungenxa yokusabela kwe-Maillard okwenzeka ngesikhathi somiswa ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa.

2. 2.Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha omsundu ophuzi

Njengesinambuzane esinowoyela omningi, izikelemu eziphuzi azinikezi nje kuphela amaprotheni amaningi kodwa futhi zingasetshenziswa ukukhipha amafutha omsundu ophuzi, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela yokukhipha i-organic solvent.

Ukwakheka kwe-fatty acid yamafutha ayo kuboniswa kuThebula lesi-3, eliqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-unsaturated fatty acids, ne-oleic acid ne-linoleic acid eningi kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwe-vitamin E emafutheni ophuzi wezikelemu zempuphu okukalwa ngu-Son et al. ingamafutha angu-144.3 mg/1000g, aphakeme kunamafutha amaningi ezilwane futhi angaphansi kancane kunokuqukethwe kwevithamini E emafutheni ezitshalo. Jeon et al. wafunda umphumela wokuthosa ku-200 ℃ imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-15 kuwoyela ophuzi wezikelemu futhi wathola ukuthi ukuthosa kuzojulisa umbala wamafutha futhi kwandise okuqukethwe kwe-oleic acid ne-tocopherol.

Amafutha omsundu ophuzi athosiwe aphinde akhombisa ukuzinza okungcono kwe-oxidation kawoyela, okungenzeka kube ngenxa yemikhiqizo yokusabela ye-Maillard ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuthosa enezinto ezithile zokulwa ne-antioxidant.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kweprotein yesikelemu esiphuzi: Impushana ephuzi yesikelemu ephuzile iphinde ihlanzwe ukuze kutholwe amaprotheni omsundu ophuzi. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lulinganise ukuncibilika, izakhiwo ezifaka amagwebu, izici ezikhipha amagwebu, nezici zokusebenza zemikhiqizo ye-hydrolysis yephrotheni yezikelemu eziphuzi. Yoo et al. kulungiswe ama-hydrolysates amaprotheni ezinambuzane afana neprotein ye-yellow mealworm esebenzisa ama-flavour enzymes, ama-alkaline proteases, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.

Bathola ukuthi ukuncibilika kwanda kakhulu ngemva kwe-hydrolysis ngezindlela eziningana ze-enzymatic, kuyilapho amandla okugwebu ancishisiwe. Ukwelashwa kwe-enzyme ye-flavour kwathuthukisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-emulsifying nokuzinza kwephrotheni ye-yellow mealworm. Ngemuva kwe-alkaline protease hydrolysis, i-angiotensin-converting enzyme yavinjelwa kakhulu, futhi ukwelashwa ngengxube ye-enzyme kubonise umthelela omkhulu ku-α- Ukuvinjelwa Okuphumelelayo komsebenzi we-glucosidase.

Izici ezisebenzayo ze-yellow mealworm isolate protein ziqhathaniswa namaprotheni ezitshalo ezithengiswayo futhi zinamandla okusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokudla. Ukulungiswa kwe-lotion evela ku-Tenebrio molitor protein kanye nomklamo we-bioactive substance transport system efana ne-curcumin kuye kwafundwa.

UGrossmann et al. iphrotheni ye-hydrolyzed yellow mealworm futhi yasabela nge-xylose ku-98 ℃ imizuzu engama-30 ngokusabela kwe-Maillard. Ukusabela kwe-Maillard kwathuthukisa ubumunyu nobusha bayo, okubonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo we-hydrolysis we-yellow mealworm protein ungasetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha zokunambitheka.