Nceda
Xa zihamba, izithuthi zichaphazeleka ngamandla ahlukeneyo okumelana, njengamandla okubetha ekusebenzisaneni nomgangatho wendlela. Ke ngoko, izithuthi kufuneka ziqokelele amandla afunekayo ukoyisa amandla okumelana nokuqala ukusuka kwindawo yokuma kunye nokukhawuleza. Ukuchasana kwendlela kubizwa ngokuba yi-tractive resistance, kunye ne-traction, eyoyisa le nkcaso, idala umphumo osebenzayo. Ukongeza ekuchaseni indlela, izithuthi kufuneka zimelane nokuchasana komoya. Kwiilori kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ukuchasana komoya kuhambelana nommandla weprojekthi yemoto yangaphambili kunye nesantya saso siphakanyiswe kumandla wesithathu (s^3). Ke, abavelisi belori kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo hayi kuphela kwibhokisi yegiya kunye neparamitha yomlinganiselo wegiya (min kunye nobukhulu), kodwa bazise ezi parameters kunxulumano namandla, ubunzima besithuthi, ubunzima besithuthi esipheleleyo, njl.njl. Xa ukhetha ibhokisi yegiya isithuthi, iingcali zithathela ingqalelo umlinganiselo wamandla kubunzima, okt umlinganiselo wamandla enjini aphezulu kubunzima bayo obubonke.
Iimpawu zebhokisi yegiya zinefuthe elibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwamafutha. Iinkampani ezaziwayo ezifana ne-Eaton, i-Allison, i-ZF ziqhubeka nokuphuhlisa izisombululo zebhokisi zegiya, ezibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kubanini beelori zorhwebo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, ukuba ukusebenza kokuhanjiswa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zendlela, umjikelo wokusebenza kweenjini (ixesha elide lokuqhuba ngesantya esiqhubekayo okanye ukumisa rhoqo kunye nokuqala), isantya esiphakathi kwesithuthi, njl.
Iilori ziyahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu, amandla, kunye nokwakheka; iintlobo ezincinci zisenokufana ngoomatshini kwezinye iimoto zabahambi. Ezi zithuthi zinokuba zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zibe namandla, kwaye zinokulungiswa ukuba zilungelelanise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, njengakwimeko yeelori zomlilo kunye nezixube zekhonkrithi kunye nee-excavators ezifunxayo. Iilori zanamhlanje ubukhulu becala zinikwa amandla ziinjini zedizili, nangona iilori ezincinci ukuya eziphakathi ezineenjini zepetroli zikhona e-US, Canada, naseMexico. Iilori zale mihla ziyilelwe ukuba zihambe imigama emide. Ke ngoko, ezi zithuthi kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeebhokisi zegiya ezithembeke kakhulu kwaye zomelele.
Ukuhanjiswa kwelori ludibaniso lweeyunithi ezinxulumeneyo, ezinceda ukuhambisa i-torque ye-injini kumavili okuqhuba. Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso letorque kunye nesalathiso salo sinokutshintshwa ngokuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto. Ugqithiso lweempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli zelori zineempawu zazo, ezimiselwa zizinto ezifana nenani lee-asi zokuqhuba, iimpawu zoyilo lwesithuthi, njl njl. ityala.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-torque, ehanjiswa ngoncedo lokudluliselwa kumavili ahamba phambili elori, ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuhanjiswa kweegiya. Imilinganiselo yegiya imiselwa ziinjineli zesithuthi ngasinye ngexesha lenkqubo yophuhliso lwaso. Ixabiso le-torque lichongwa yimpawu zobugcisa kunye neziguquguqukayo, ekufuneka ziphunyezwe kumzekelo ophuhliswayo.
Ukurhubuluza kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezisezidolophini kwitrafikhi ngokuma nokuhamba rhoqo, uhamba kwimizila yamatayara kwindawo enodaka, okanye ukuqengqeleka kwimisebenzi yenkunkuma yendawo yokuhlala - usetyenziso olujolisiweyo lweelori zeKlasi 6 - 8 okanye izithuthi zorhwebo zinokumisela iimfuno ezithile zeebhokisi zegiya. xa kuthelekiswa noogxa babo kuhola wendlela. Nangona kunjalo, ayikawuyeki umkhwa oqhelekileyo wokuzisebenzela kwiilori kunye neemoto zorhwebo, ezichaphazela ngokukodwa iibhokisi zegiya.
Ibhokisi yegiya yesandla iye yavavanywa amashumi eminyaka zizigidi zabaqhubi beelori ezirhwebayo, abasijonga esi sisombululo njengesona sisombululo sifanelekileyo kwiilori: iibhokisi zegiya zezandla zilula, azibizi kakhulu kwimveliso kunye nasekugcinweni, kwaye ziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kuncitshisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, iibhokisi zegiya zezandla zinento enye ebalulekileyo, enokuthi igqume zonke iimfanelo ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye ibangele ukungonwabi phakathi kwabaqhubi: ukutshintshwa kwegiya ngesandla kunye nokuphathwa ngaxeshanye ngeepedali kunokuba yingxaki, ngakumbi kwitrafikhi yesixeko. Akumangalisi ukuba kule mihla abavelisi beelori, kunye nobuchwepheshe bamva nje abanabo, bazama ukwanelisa iimfuno zabaqhubi kwaye benze inkqubo yokutshintsha igiya ibe lula ngakumbi kwaye ingaphumeleli. Ngokutsho kwemisebenzi emininzi yophando, UMntla Merika ulandela iYurophu kumkhwa “wokungaguquguquki” njengoko iibhokisi zegiya ezizenzekelayo nezizihambelayo ziqhubeka nokuthandwa kwicandelo leelori zorhwebo. Izizathu ziquka ukomelezwa kokusebenza kwamafutha kunye nokukhangela abaqhubi lula kunye nemveliso kuneencwadana, kunye nokhuseleko olukhulu.
Kwiilori ezincinci unokufumana iibhokisi zegiya ezifana nezisombululo eziguqukayo ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto zabakhweli. Zihlala zineegiya ezintandathu kwaye zihlala zine-synchronizer. Kwezi lori i-H-pattern elula kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, ifumana intsonkothe ngakumbi xa ujongene neelori ezinkulu kunye neemoto zorhwebo ezineegiya ezininzi. Kwezi lori ezinkulu ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ulawulo olongezelelweyo ukunceda ukulawula iigiya ezahlukeneyo. Kwiilori ezindala, ulawulo luhlala luyi-lever eyahlukileyo efakwe phantsi okanye ngoku kutshanje - i-pneumatic switch efakwe kwi-"H" lever; kwiilori ezintsha ulawulo ludla ngokuba sisitshixo sombane esixhonywe kwi-"H" lever. Iibhokisi zegiya zolawulo oluninzi zakhiwe kumazinga aphezulu kakhulu, kodwa azifane zisebenzise isynchrom. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezizezinye zepateni yokutshintsha - Uluhlu, iSplitter, Range-Splitter. Iibhokisi zegiya zanamhlanje zelori zezona zixhaphakileyo "zoluhlu lokuqhekeza".
Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo kwanamhlanje kunomahluko obalulekileyo kwabo bandulelayo, ababesetyenziswa kwiilori zorhwebo. Owona mahluko mkhulu ulele kubungakanani boluhlu lwegiya nakumgaqo kanye wolawulo lothumelo lwelori. Ubuninzi beegiya kwiibhokisi zegiya ezizenzekelayo zikhawulelwe kwi-5, kwaye ulawulo lwenziwa ngoncedo lwe-hydraulics. Kule mihla, abavelisi bothumelo babonelela ngeebhokisi zegiya ezizenzekelayo ezineegiya ezingaphezulu kwe-5, ezilawulwa ngombane. Ngapha koko, iibhokisi zegiya zanamhlanje ezizenzekelayo zixhotyiswe ngesitshixo setorque.
Uluhlu lwezinto eziluncedo kwiibhokisi zegiya ezizenzekelayo kwiilori zorhwebo ziquka inkqubo yokutshintsha igiya egudileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha ezindleleni zasemaphandleni kuthelekiseka nenqanaba lokusetyenziswa xa usebenzisa i-gearbox ye-manual. Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba baqhube ilori ngokulula kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo, banikele ingqalelo ngakumbi kwindlela kwaye bangaphazanyiswa kukutshintsha kwegiya yezandla. Ezona zinto zikhuphisanayo zitsala iibhokisi zegiya ezizenzekelayo kwiilori zorhwebo kukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, ukugcinwa kunye neengxaki zothumelo oluzenzekelayo olukhokelela kwiinkonzo zokulungiswa kweendleko.
I-automated manual transmission (AMT) ithathwa njengenye isisombululo esithembisayo sokuhambisa iilori kunye nezithuthi zorhwebo. Ii-AMTs zifana nokuhanjiswa kwezandla ngokubhekiselele kwizakhono zokusebenza kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza. Kunokuthiwa i-AMT iphantse yafana nebhokisi yegiya yesandla, kodwa ibandakanya i-servo kunye ne-hydraulic drives, elawula ukusebenza kwe-clutch kunye nenkqubo yokutshintsha igiya. Ii-AMTs ziphawuleka ngokusebenza kwazo. Ukongeza, ii-automated transmissions azibizi kangako ekugcinweni nasekulungiseni njengothumelo oluzenzekelayo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kwi-automated transmissions kuyahambelana nenqanaba leebhokisi zegiya (ngamanye amaxesha ii-AMTs zinokonga ngakumbi amafutha). Ukuba iilori ezineebhokisi zegiya ezizenzekelayo zisebenziseka lula, kodwa zifuna iindleko ezinkulu zepetroli kunye neenkonzo, iilori ezine-AMTs aziyi kuba lula kuphela kodwa zinoqoqosho.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa ususa i-gearbox ye-manual okanye i-AMT kwaye udibanisa i-clutch, i-torque ye-injini iyaphazamiseka kwaye loo mandla akagqithiswa ezantsi kwi-drivetrain ukuya kumavili. Kuthumelo oluzenzekelayo oluzenzekelayo, isiguquli setorque sikuvumela ukuba utshintshe iigiya zothumelo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa itorque ukusuka enjini ukuya kumavili.
Kuba iibhokisi zegiya ezizenzekelayo kunye nezisombululo ze-AMT ziqhuba ngokuthe ngcembe iinketho zokutshintsha igiya ukusuka kwintengiso yothumelo lweelori kunye nezithuthi zorhwebo, siya kuphonononga ezi ntlobo zeebhokisi zegiya ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi.
Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya i-torque converter, inxalenye yomatshini, inkqubo yokulawula kunye neendlela ezincedisayo. Umguquli we-torque usebenza njengendlela yokuhambisa i-hydraulic, apho amandla ahanjiswa ngokuhamba kwe-ATF. Isiguquli setorque siquka i-impeller yempompo, i-turbine runner, kunye ne-startor. Indlela yokutshixa iqinisekisa uqoqosho olungcono lwamafutha. Isiguquli se-torque sibonelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-injini kunye nokuhanjiswa, ukunciphisa imithwalo eguquguqukayo, kuthintele injini ukuba imise ngexesha lokulayisha ngaphezulu, kwaye inyusa i-torque kwi-injini xa iqala kwi-standstill kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zendlela.
Ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo kuneegiya zeplanethi ezi-3 kunye ne-clutch friction, eziqinisekisa inkqubo yokuhambisa igiya. Ixabiso lomlinganiselo wegiya litshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwamandla. Ukutshintshwa kokuhanjiswa kwegiya kwenziwa yinkqubo yolawulo kwimo ezenzekelayo. Iimodeli ezininzi zothumelo oluzenzekelayo zixhotyiswe nge-hydrodynamic retarder, esebenza ukucothisa isithuthi kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba kweepake pads. I-retarder idla ngokufakelwa kwii-automatic transmissions kwiibhasi kunye noomatshini kunye nezithuthi ezisebenza kwiindawo ezisezintabeni. Iiyunithi zolawulo oluphezulu lwe-elektroniki (ECU) zothumelo oluzenzekelayo ziqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okuphezulu kwiimeko zendlela kunye nesitayela sokuqhuba, kwaye uvumele ukuphumeza imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Ngesicelo somthengi, ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo kunokuxhotyiswa ngeqhosha- okanye i-lever-type transmission shifters.
I-Allison Transmission, enye yabakhiqizi abakhulu behlabathi bezothutho ezizenzekelayo kwiilori kunye nezithuthi zorhwebo, zixhobisa izisombululo zayo zokuhambisa kunye nenkqubo yokuxilongwa kwelori ebizwa ngokuba yiPrognostics, evumela umqhubi ukuba abeke iliso kwimeko yamacandelo aphambili esithuthi. Umsebenzi we-Oil Life Filter ulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, ukonga i-fuel ngelixa uqhuba kwaye ngexesha lokungasebenzi kwe-injini. Umsebenzi weFilter Life Monitor wazisa umqhubi malunga nemfuneko yokutshintsha isihluzo sothumelo. I-function transmission Health Monitor ibeka esweni ubume beesekethe zothumelo lwedrive kwaye ilumkisa umqhubi malunga nemfuneko yokugcinwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa ngokutsha.
Namhlanje i-Allison Transmission inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwezisombululo zothumelo kwiilori kunye neenqwelo zorhwebo (iimodeli zothumelo lwe-Series 1000, 2000, 3000, kunye ne-4000). Esinye isisombululo sosasazo oluzenzekelayo lwe-TC10 yenzelwe ngu-Allison kwizithuthi ezikhangayo. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Allison yeTorqmatic Series isetyenziselwa iibhasi. Iilori ezinzima, ezisetyenziswa kwimigodi kunye noshishino lokwakha, zihlala zixhotyiswe nge-Allison 5000, 6000, 8000 kunye ne-9000 Series transmissions.
I-Volvo, umenzi owaziwayo weelori, ikwabonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo zothumelo oluzenzekelayo, njenge-Powertronic. I I-Powertronic lugqithiso oluzenzekelayo olu-6 oluzenzekelayo olunolawulo lwe-elektroniki, oluyilelwe ukuhamba kunye nemisebenzi yokuyeka ukuqalisa rhoqo. Ukuhanjiswa kwelori ye-Powertronic ixhotyiswe nge-torque converter yokuqinisekisa amandla aphezulu okuqhubela phambili xa iqala ukusuka kwindawo yokumisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwetorque ethunyelwa kumavili okuqhuba. Ke ngoko, olu dluliselo lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiilori zeVolvo ezisebenza kwiindawo zokwakha kunye nokugcwala ezidolophini.
Inkampani iVoith inikezela ngentsapho yothumelo oluzenzekelayo olubizwa ngokuba yi-DIWA, ezijoliswe kwiibhasi zedolophu kunye neebhasi zasedolophini. Eyona nto iphambili kolu kuhanjiswa oluzenzekelayo kukuba i-torque ye-injini ihanjiswa ngoomatshini kunye nangobunzulu bombane. Ukuqala kwi-standstill kwenziwa nge-hydraulically, kwaye njengoko isantya sokuhamba sinyuka inxaxheba ye-hydraulics ithatha indawo ngokuthe ngcembe yinxalenye yomatshini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amandla e-injini ahlulwe phambi kokuba i-torque converter idibaniselwano kwaye idibanise emva koko. Ke, umguquli wetorque kunye neegiya ezimbini zeplanethi zenza i-1-st hydro-mechanical gear. Ke ngoko, ukuhanjiswa kwe-DIWA kusebenza ngempumelelo ephezulu kuluhlu olubanzi lwezantya, ukuqinisekisa ukuqala ngokugudileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokuma kunye nokukhawuleza okuzinzileyo. Emva koko, inkqubo yothumelo ivula ukuhanjiswa kwetorque ngoomatshini, esebenza ngelahleko encinci. Umguquleli we-torque ngaxeshanye usebenza njenge-hydraulic retarder, eqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwe-brake ye-hydraulic kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-gear edibeneyo.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kolu kuhanjiswa kufezekiswa ngenxa yokudibanisa "i-differential-torque converter". Ngelixa ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo okuqhelekileyo kutshintsha amaxesha angama-2-3 ekuqaleni, i-Voith DIWA iyaqhubeka isebenzisa i-1-st gear - ngaxeshanye ibandakanya i-torque converter kunye neengxenye zokuhambisa iloli. Ngoko ke, inani elincinci leenguqu lenza ukuba ukuhamba kwebhasi kube lula kwaye kunciphise ukunxiba kweediski ze-friction. Isiguquli setorque kwi-DIWA sisembindini webhokisi yegiya, ukuma okunjalo kwanceda ukulahla iityhubhu ezigqithisileyo kunye nemibhobho yokudibanisa.
Inkampani yaseJamani iZF ikwabonelela ngezisombululo ezimangalisayo zothumelo kwiilori kunye nezithuthi zorhwebo. Ngokomzekelo, i-6-speed automatic transmission ZF EcoLife yenzelwe iilori kunye neebhasi. Olu dluliselo lunenkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo, evumela ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinzulu zokushisa xa ukushisa kweoli yokuhambisa kwi-heat exchanger ifikelela kwi-120 ° C. Ukongeza, iinjineli ze-ZF zisetyenziswe apha i-torque converter kunye namazinga aphezulu okukhawuleza xa injini ye-RPM parameter iphantsi. Idamper ye-torque eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha xa iqala kwi-standstill ngokukhubaza ngokukhawuleza kwe-torque converter lock-up.
Enye i-6-speed automatic transmission i-ZF-PowerLine, ejoliswe kwiimoto zorhwebo ezilula, iphawuleka kuqoqosho lwayo lwamafutha enkosi kwi-converter ye-torque ephezulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-torque yokuguqulela ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-gearbox ye-ZF isetyenziswe ekuqaleni kwentshukumo kwaye iyayeka ukusebenza xa imoto ikhawuleza ukuya kwisantya se-10-15 km / h. kule meko akukho mfuneko ekusebenziseni "ixesha elide" i-1-st gear. Usapho lwe-ZF yothumelo lwe-Ecomat yenzelwe ngokukodwa iibhasi zedolophu kunye neenqwelo ezinjongo ezizodwa.
Namhlanje, izinto zombane zidlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziphunyezwa kwiilori. Okwangoku, i-microprocessor ilawula ukusebenza kwe-injini kuphela, kodwa kunye ne-clutch kunye ne-gearbox. Inzuzo ephambili yolawulo lwe-elektroniki kumatshini, i-hydraulic okanye i-pneumatic options yimpendulo engcono kunye nokukwazi ukudibanisa inani elikhulu leeparitha. Iindlela zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo zinokutshintshwa ngokuphinda kuqwalaselwe isoftware, kunokwenza utshintsho kuyilo lothumelo. Ke, i-electronics iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesithuthi kunye namava okuqhuba akhuselekileyo. Ngoko ke, iilori ezininzi ngakumbi (ingakumbi iilori ezinzima) zixhotyiswe nge-automated manual transmissions. Abantu abaninzi babhidanisa olu hlobo lothumelo kunye nesisombululo sokutshintsha igiya ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo, ngokungafaniyo ne-AMT, kunabaguquleli be-torque.
Uyilo lwe-automated transmission lungabandakanya i-electromechanical, i-electro-pneumatic okanye i-electro-hydraulic drive, eguqula izibonakaliso ezifunyenwe kwiyunithi yokulawula i-electronic (ECU) kwi-angular displacement yefoloko ye-clutch. I-AMT ngokwayo ibonisa i-electromotor kunye ne-servo drive, ehambisa i-clutch fork. Esi sisombululo sobugcisa esibonakala silula silawulwa yi-software enzima, eyenza izibonakaliso kwi-joystick lever, ebekwe kwi-cab yelori, xa umqhubi etshintsha iigiya. Ngoko ke, kukho iipedals ezimbini kuphela kwi-cabin yelori exhotywe nge-AMT - igesi kunye ne-brake. Uthumelo lwelori olunjalo lwavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90 kwaye ekuqaleni obu buchwephesha babonwa ngabaqhubi ngokungathembeki. Ukongeza, emva kwezo ntsuku, usasazo oluzenzekelayo lwalubiza kakhulu kunokuhanjiswa ngesandla. Kodwa kwezi ntsuku, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ephucukileyo neyonga imali, ziya zisanda iilori zixhotyiswe ngothumelo oluzenzekelayo. I-Eaton yayiyinkampani yokuqala kwimarike yothumelo oluzenzekelayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwayo kwe-AutoShift eyasungulwa kwi-90's. Ukusukela ngoko, ipotfoliyo yemveliso ye-Eaton yongezwa nge-6-speed midrange UltraShift kunye ne-10-, 11-, 13- kunye ne-18-speed enzima ye-UltraShift Pluses.
I-automated mechanical transmission (AMT) ifumana ukuthandwa kwishishini leemoto, ngenxa yokudibanisa kwayo inzuzo yokuhanjiswa komatshini kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokubhekiselele kusetyenziso lwamafutha, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukuphuculwa kwenduduzo yokuqhuba kunye nokutshintsha umgangatho. Kule mihla, ukuhanjiswa kweelori ezizenzekelayo ziveliswa luluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani: ZF, Volvo, Daimler AG, Eaton, Mack, Detroit Diesel, Mercedes, Man, njl. Ngoku makhe sihlolisise izisombululo eziphawulekayo ze-AMT ezinikezelwa zezi nkampani.
Iilori zeVolvo zibonelela nge-6-speed automated manual transmission I-Sync, elungiselelwe iilori zeVolvo FL. Olu gqithiso lwelori lwenzelwe ngokukodwa i-injini ye-D7 kunye nokusebenza kwizitalato zasezidolophini nakwiindawo ezisezidolophini. I-electro-hydraulic drive iqinisekisa ukutshintshwa kwegiya egudileyo xa uqhuba kwitrafikhi yedolophu eneendawo zokumisa rhoqo . Ugqithiso lwe-I-Sync lufumaneka kwiinguqulelo ezimbini - kwi-injini ye-D5K kunye ne-injini ye-D8K. I-lever, efakwe emva kwevili lokuqhuba, ivumela umqhubi ukuba akhethe i-manual okanye i-gear-shifting mode. Akukho clutch pedal kwiilori ezine-I-Sync transmission - igiya-shifting eyenziwa ngesandla yenziwa ngoncedo lwelever ekhankanywe ngasentla. Kwimo ezenzekelayo, ukuhanjiswa kwe-I-Sync ngokuzimeleyo kutshintsha iigiya ngexesha elikhethwe kakuhle. Umthamo wetorque yolu gqithiso unokufikelela kwi-1050 Nm, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uthumelo lwe-I-Sync lube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiilori ezisebenza kwimimandla yasezidolophini.
Esinye isisombululo se-AMT esaziwayo esaphuhliswa yiVolvo Trucks kukuhanjiswa kwe-I-Shift. Olu gqithiso lusekwe kwi-gearbox ye-manual constant-mesh. Inxalenye ephambili yale "smart" transmission yiyunithi yokulawula i-electronic (ECU), elawula ukusebenza kwe-clutch yokuhanjiswa kunye nenkqubo yokutshintshwa kwegesi. I-ECU itshintsha iigiya ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yohlalutyo lwedatha kwisantya selori, ubunzima, i-torque efunekayo, ibakala lendlela kunye nezinye iiparamitha. Inkqubo iphinda itshintshise idatha kunye ne-injini, leyo, ilawula izinga le-RPM kunye ne-injini ye-braking ukuze isebenze kakhulu. Esi sisombululo sothumelo senzelwe ukonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5% yamafutha. Olu tshintsho luzenzekelayo lunokuba negiya enye okanye ezimbini zokunciphisa isantya, kunye nokukhetha kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokubuyela umva. Iigiya zokunciphisa isantya ziphucula kakhulu amandla okuqalisa ukusuka ekumeni, ukunciphisa umthwalo kwi-clutch ukuya kwi-75%, kwaye uncede ukuphepha iinkonzo zokulungisa ezongezelelweyo.
Iilori ze-Mack zibonelela nge-mDrive (i-12-speed) kunye ne-mDrive HD (i-13- kunye ne-14-speed-speed variants) ii-automated transmissions ezilungiselelwe imifuziselo eyahlukeneyo yeelori ze-Mack.
Ukuhanjiswa kweelori zeMack kuphuhlisiwe ukuze kusebenze kakuhle ngeenjini zeMack MP kunye ne-axles ke akukho mcimbi wokuhambelana okanye ukusebenza. Ngezinto ezihlala ixesha elide, ukusebenza okulula kunye nokuveliswa kweMelika, ezi zisombululo zothumelo ziqinisekisa kungekuphela nje ukutshintshwa kwegiya esebenzayo, kodwa kunye noqoqosho lwamafutha, ukunxiba okuncitshisiweyo, kunye namava afanelekileyo okuqhuba.
I-Detroit Diesel Corporation, i-subsidiary ye-Daimler Trucks kuMntla Melika (enobunini bayo ngokupheleleyo be-German Daimler AG), ibonelela nge-automated manual transmission DT12 eyenzelwe iilori ezinzima. Olu gqithiso lwelori luqinisekisa ukusebenza kokutshintsha kwegiya, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza ngokulula.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-DT12 idibanisa i-injini kwii-axles, kwaye inxibelelana ne-DD13 kunye ne-DD15 kuthungelwano oludibeneyo lwe-electronics ukwabelana ngedatha yokunciphisa umonakalo efana nokugqithiswa kwe-clutch kunye nokukhusela i-driveline. I-DT12 isebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwimephu yezobume ukuze ilawule imisebenzi ye-injini kunye nebhokisi yegiya, ithatha ithuba lendawo engqonge ilori.
Intsapho yothumelo oluzenzekelayo lweMercedes-Benz PowerShift lubandakanya iimodeli ezininzi zothumelo. Inkqubo yokutshintsha igiya kwiilori ezixhotyiswe nge-12-speed PowerShift iphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza nangokutyibilikayo. Olu dluliselo lunemowudi "yokulawula" kunye nezixhobo zetrafikhi yomgca oyintloko kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi le-RPM. Iilori ze-line-haul ze-Mercedes-Benz Actros zixhotyiswe ngenguqu ephuculweyo ye-PowerShift 2. Ngombulelo ekusebenziseni inkqubo ye-sensor ephuculweyo, iigiya ziguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihamba kakuhle. Iilori zokwakha iMercedes-Benz Actros zixhotyiswe nge-12-speed AMT PowerShift Off-road, apho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenza kunye ne-4 gears reverse. Uyilo lwale bhokisi yegiya lukwabandakanya isivamvo sokuthambeka kunye nenkqubo ephucukileyo egudileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokuma. I-8-speed AMT PowerShift GO 240-8 ifakwe kubaqeqeshi babakhenkethi Mercedes-Benz Travego и Tourismo.
I-MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Gruppe ivelisa i-automated TipMatic transmissions, eyenza i-synthesis egqibeleleyo yokuthuthuzela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-12-speed TipMatic kunye ne-"off-road" mode kunye ne-2 i-reverse gears yenzelwe iilori ezinzima ze-TGX kunye ne-TGS.
Le transmission automated inokuba negiya ngqo okanye overdrive gear. Iindlela zokusebenza zikhethwa ngoncedo lwe-switcher kwi-console yeziko, ngelixa iigiyeri zitshintshwa ngokusebenzisa i-shifter engaphantsi kwe-steering. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-TipMatic kunokuxhotyiswa nge-retarder MAN PriTarder okanye kunye ne-ZF intarder. Ngesicelo, i-TipMatic inokuxhotyiswa ngeenkqubo zolawulo ezikhethekileyo: I-Profi (imowudi yokutshintsha ngesandla ukukhaba phantsi), iFleet (yabaqhubi abangenamava).
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba abavelisi abaninzi belori bakhetha ukufaka ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo okanye okuzenzekelayo kwiimveliso zabo, ukuhanjiswa kwezandla kusenesabelo esibalulekileyo kwicandelo leelori zorhwebo. Kusekho abantu abaninzi abazithandayo izisombululo ezithembekileyo nezinexabiso elifanelekileyo lothumelo lwezandla, abathanda ukujongana nenkqubo yokutshintsha igiya ngoncedo lwelori yokuhambisa ngesandla. Ukuhanjiswa kwesantya seshumi kuhlala kuluhlobo oluxhaphakileyo lwezandla kwiilori zendlela enzima, nangona iibhokisi ze-13 kunye ne-18-speed zithandwa phakathi kwabaqhubi belori ezide kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngeenjini zamahashe aphezulu. Iilori ezisetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo kunye nolunye ubizo zikholisa ukuba ne-11-speed “low-low” gearboxes ezinereyishini ezintathu endaweni yezimbini zothutho lohola wendlela. Iinkampani ezaziwa kakhulu njenge-Eaton, ZF, kunye neVolvo azinikezeli kwiindlela zokuhambisa ngesandla kwiilori kunye nezithuthi zorhwebo. Ukwamkelwa kosasazo oluzenzekelayo oluzenzekelayo kunye nee-AMTs kwiilori kuqhutywe kakhulu kwiimfuno zabaqhubi zokuthuthuzela kunye nokulula kunye nemiba yokhuseleko. Ke ngoko, kunzima ukwenza uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lweshishini le-hi-tech, apho iinkampani zenza umzamo omkhulu kunye nemithombo yemali ebalulekileyo ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zobugcisa ezintsonkothileyo eziye zabonakala zingakholeleki kwiminyaka eli-10 okanye eli-15 eyadlulayo. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo elingekude kangako yonke imisebenzi yorhwebo iya kwenziwa ziilori eziziqhubayo.