Li-Whelset li arotsoe ka li-wheelsets tsa koloi le li-locomotive wheelsets. Li-wheelset tsa li-locomotive li arotsoe ka li-wheelset tsa enjine ea mouoane, li-wheelsets tsa enjine ea disele, li-wheelsets tsa motlakase le li-axle wheelsets tsa li-unit tse ngata ho latela mefuta ea li-locomotive. Mabili a li-axle a tsamaeang a literene tsa diesel, literene tsa motlakase le li-emmus li na le likere tsa phetiso holim'a 'mele oa li-axle. Likoloi tsa sejoale-joale tsa bapalami tse lebelo le holimo li nka mariki a disc, 'me li-brake disc li kenngoa holim'a li-axle kapa mabili.

Li-wheelsets tsa li-locomotives tsa mouoane li arotsoe ka li-wheelsets tse tataisang, li-wheelset tse tsamaeang, li-wheelset tse khannoang le li-wheel-water tsa mashala. Mabili a tataisang a fumaneha ka pele ho terene 'me e bapala karolo ea tataiso ea terene. Mabili a tsamaeang a bapala karolo ea ho fetisa matla a literene. Lebili la ho khanna le khannoa ka ho toba ke cylinder piston (piston) ka har'a rocker, 'me mabili a khanna a khannoa ke molamu o kopanyang. Ho na le li-crank, masoba a li-crank pin le li-bancing blocks bohareng ba mabili a mabili a tsamaeang, 'me li-crank tsa mabili a leqeleng le le letona li lokela ho ba le phapang ea likhato tse 90 ha li kopane. Li-bearings tsa lebili le tsamaeang le lebili le tataisang li ka hare ho lebili. Lebili la makhoba le wheelset ea metsi a mashala li tšoana ka sebopeho le mabili a likoloi tsa baeti le tsa thepa.

Li-Wheelsets li ka aroloa ka li-axsete tse roala-hang le li-sliding bearing wheelsets ho latela mefuta e sebetsang ho li-axle. Likoloi tsa baeti tsa China Railway kaofela li se li amohetsoe, 'me palo ea likoloi tse tsamaisang thepa e nang le mabili e ntse e eketseha letsatsi le letsatsi.

Ho ea ka phapang ea boima bo boholo bo lumelletsoeng ba axle (khatello e phahameng ea static e hlahisoang ke wheelset seporong), wheelset ea koloi e thellang e arotsoe ka mefuta e mene: B, C, D le E, le litekanyo tsa li-axle le mabili a mofuta o mong le o mong oa mabili a fapane ntle le bophara ba lebili; Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea li-wheelsets tsa likoloi tsa baeti le tsa thepa: RC, RD le RE, 'me ho na le bolelele bo fapaneng ba koranta ka har'a wheelset e le' ngoe ka lebaka la mefuta e fapaneng ea li-bearings, kahoo linomoro tse latelang li sebelisoa ho li khetholla, joalo ka RC. le RD. Li-axle li entsoe ka tšepe ea boleng bo holimo ea k'habone ho ba lisilindara tse nang le li-diameter tse fapaneng. Ho ea ka mefuta ea likoloi, e ka aroloa ka li-axle tsa locomotive le li-axle tsa bapalami le tsa literaka. Ho ea ka mofuta oa ho beleha, e ka aroloa ka li-axle tse thellang le tse ling.

① Setulo sa mabili, moo lebili le hatelloang teng, hape ke karolo e nang le bophara bo boholo ka ho fetisisa holim'a axle;

(2) jenale, karolo ea axle e kopanang le bere;

(3) 'mele oa axle, karolo e pakeng tsa mabili a mabeli. Li-axle tse ling tsa likoloi tsa bapalami le tsa thepa li honyela butle-butle ho tloha setulong sa mabili ho ea bohareng, 'me li-axle tse ling li bolelele ba cylindrical. Li-gear tsa phetiso ea literene tsa diesel le li-locomotives tsa motlakase le li-brake discs tsa li-axle tsa li-axle tse nang le li-disk brakes li kopantsoe holim'a 'mele oa li-axle;

(4) Setulo sa poleiti e sa keneng lerōle, phetoho lipakeng tsa jenale ea li-axle le setulo sa lebili holim'a axle ea makoloi a bapalami le a thepa, moo ho kenngoeng poleiti e thibelang lerōle ea lebokose la li-axle tse thellang kapa mokokotlo o ka morao oa lebokose la li-axle;

⑤ Li-axle collars, likarolo tse lintlheng tse peli tsa li-axle tsa likoloi le likoloi tsa thepa tse hlahang ka ntle ho libuka tsa li-axle, li sebelisoa ho thibela li-axle bearings hore li se ke tsa tsamaea ka mokhoa o feteletseng holim'a libuka tsa li-axle, 'me ha ho na li-axle collars holim'a li-axle tse belehang;

⑥ Lehetla le ka morao la koranta le karolo ea koranta haufi le setulo sa poleiti e sa keneng lerōle li entsoe phetoho ea arc ho qoba khatello ea maikutlo e bakoang ke phetoho ea tšohanyetso ea bophara.

Mojaro o holim'a axle ea locomotive le the rolling stock o lula o fetoha, 'me kaha wheelset e lula e bilika, khatello e fapanyetsanoang e hlahisoa ka har'a axle. Ka hona, moeli oa nako e telele oa lisebelisoa tsa axle o tlameha ho ntlafatsoa. Ka lebaka lena, ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, shaft ea shaft e tlameha ho sebetsoa ka ho itšeha ka nako e telele, "jenara le setulo sa mabili li lokela ho matlafatsoa ka ho bilika, 'me groove e fokotsang mojaro e lokela ho behoa setulong sa mabili le phetoho ea arc. (rolling bear) ya jenale lehetla le ka morao. Ho lemoha liphoso tse matla tsa ultrasonic le electromagnetic ho lokela ho etsoa nakong eohle ea ts'ebeliso.

Hangata li-axle li tiile, empa kabo ea khatello ea li-axle karolong ea sefapano ha e lekane, 'me ha e le haufi le holimo, khatello e kholoanyane, ha khatello e bohareng e le nyenyane haholo. Ka hona, hoa khoneha ho sebelisa axle e sekoti ho e-na le axle e tiileng ho fokotsa tšusumetso e kotsi ea boima ba 'mele ho li-locomotives le melapo. Le hoja esele e sekoti e 'nile ea lekoa ka lilemo tse ngata litereneng tsa linaha tse ling, e ntse e ithutoa le ho ntlafatsoa ka lebaka la boemo bo rarahaneng ba khatello ea maikutlo e sebelisoang [1].

Mabili a hatelloa holim'a axle, 'me sebaka se pakeng tsa mabili a mabeli setšeng se le seng se ikamahanya le gauge, e le hore mabili a khone ho pitika holim'a seporo.

Karolo ea lebili le kopanang le seporo, ke hore, selikalikoe se ka ntle sa lebili, se bitsoa rime lebiling la bohlokoa le thaere lebiling la mabili. Bokaholimo ba rim kapa thaere e hokahaneng le seporo e bitsoa ho hatakela, 'me karolo e phahamisitsoeng ka lehlakoreng le leng la hata e bitsoa rim. Rim e ka lehlakoreng le ka hare la seporo, e leng se ka thibelang wheelset hore e se ke ea senyeha le ho phetha karolo ea tataiso. Karolo ea lebili e kopantsoeng le axle e bitsoa hub. Hub le rim li kopantsoe ka li-spokes. Li-spokes li ka ba li-disk tse tsoelang pele, tse bitsoang li-spokes; E ka boela ea e-ba palo ea li-cylinders tse hlophisitsoeng hammoho le tataiso ea radial, e bitsoang spokes.

Ho ea ka sebopeho, mabili a ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: mabili a mabili le a bohlokoa. Lebili la mabili le etsoa ka ho kenya thaere setsing sa mabili ka mokhoa o chesang oa ho kenya le ho kenya selikalikoe sa ho boloka. Reng e thibelang thaere hore e se ke ea theoha ha thaere le setsi sa mabili li hlephile, 'me se phetha karolo ea ho emisa ho sireletseha. Integral wheel ke ho kopanya thaere le rim setsing sa mabili. Ho feta moo, linaha tse ling li boetse li nka mabili a nang le likarolo tse rekere pakeng tsa moqomo le tepo. Lebili la mofuta ona le bitsoa elastic wheel, eo hangata e sebelisoang feela likoloing tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše.

Ha e sebetsa, karolo ea lebili le seporo e na le khatello e kholo 'me sebaka sa ho kopana se hlahisa deformation ea elastic le khatello ea maikutlo e kholo. Ts'ebetsong, mabili a ka ho le letšehali le a ho le letona a ke ke a qojoa holim'a seporo se nang le li-diameter tse fapaneng, e leng se bakang ho thella le ho roala ha mabili; Ha braking, ho hatakeloa ha lebili ho boetse ho apesoa haholo ke lieta tsa brake, 'me mocheso o phahameng o hlahisoa.

Tsena tsohle li hloka hore thepa ea ho hatakeloa ha mabili e be le matla a phahameng, ho thatafala, ho ba le tšusumetso e matla le ho se mamelle hantle. Sebaka se hatelloang holim'a axle haholo-holo se na le matla a elastic, 'me li-spokes kapa li-spokes li na le khatello le matla a ho kobeha, tse hlokang boima bo phahameng.

Setsi sa mabili le mabili sa lebili la mabili se ka etsoa ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, kahoo se ka fihlela litlhoko tse ka holimo hamolemo. Lebili la bohlokoa le tlase ho lebili la thaere ha le ntse le hatakeloa, empa le boima bo bobebe ebile le theko e tlase. Habohlokoa le ho feta, lebili le ke ke la phutholoha le ho petsoha. China Railway e ntse e sebelisa mabili a mabili litereneng, 'me likoloi tsohle tsa baeti le tsa thepa li sebelisitse mabili a bohlokoa a tšepe.

Boleng ba lebitso la bophara ba lebili ke bophara ba selikalikoe se bilikang (selika-likoe se entsoeng ke mateano a sefofane a bapileng le lehlakore le ka hare la lebili le ho hatakela ha lebili). Li-diameter tsa mabili a likoloi tse tsamaisang thepa, likoloi tsa baeti, lienjineri tse tukang ka hare le li-locomotives tsa motlakase tse sebelisoang China Railway ke 840mm, 915mm, 1050mm le 1250mm ka ho latellana. Bophara ba mabili a fapaneng a li-locomotive tsa mouoane bo fapana ho ea ka mohlala, 'me bophara ba mabili a tsamaeang hangata bo pakeng tsa 1370 le 2000 mm.

Mohala oa contour o entsoeng ka rim ea lebili 'me o hata karolong ea radial ea lebili. Khetho ea moqomo oa lebili le sebopeho sa ho hatakela ha e ame feela bophelo ba lebili le ts'ebeletso ea lebili, empa hape e ama ka kotloloho ts'ebetso e fetang ea curve le boleng ba lebelo la locomotive le koloi. Rim e etsa hore mabili a khone ho feta har'a li-curves le li-turnouts ka botšepehi ntle le ho kheloha. Ho hatakela ke conical, ka taper ea 1:10 haufi le selikalikoe se pota-potileng.

Ha le feta mothinyeng, lebili le ka ntle le bilika seporong sa ka ntle le bophara bo boholoanyane haufi le moketjaneng, ’me lebili le ka hare le bilikela seporong se ka hare ka bophara bo bonyenyane, hoo ka lehlakoreng le leng, wheelset e phethang karolo ea tataiso. ka phetoho ea tataiso ea mola, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, phapang pakeng tsa lebili le ka hare le lebili le ka ntle e ka lefella tšusumetso ea phapang ea bolelele ba seporo se ka hare le seporo sa ka ntle.

Ha e matha ka tsela e otlolohileng, haeba wheelset e kheloha boemong ba eona bo bohareng moleng, phapang pakeng tsa radii e bilikang ea mabili a mabeli e tla etsa hore wheelset e tsamaee ka tsela ea ho khutlisetsa boemo ba eona bo bohareng. Thepa ea lehlakore le kantle la lebili ke 1:5, e ka eketsang phapang lipakeng tsa radii e bilikang ea mabili a mabeli a wheelset le ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho feta har'a mojiko o monyane oa radius. Leha ho le joalo, ho hatakeloa ha conical hape ke motso oa motsamao o kang oa noha oa literene le likoloi 'me o ama boleng ba ho sebetsa. Ho fokotsa sekhahla sa ho hatakela hoa thusa ho thibela ts'ebetso ea ho tsoma, empa moaparo oa rim ea lebili ho hlakile hore o mpefalitsoe, 'me potoloho ea lebili le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea mabili li khutsufalitsoe haholo.

Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa feela litereneng tse ling tsa baeti tse lebelo le phahameng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mokhoa oa ho hatakela oa rim ea mabili o apara ka potlako mohatong oa pele oa ts'ebetso, 'me o atisa ho tsitsa mme ho apara ho fokotseha. Ka mor'a ho lokisoa ha rotary, sebopeho se ke ke sa bolokoa nako e telele, 'me palo ea tšepe ea tšepe e kholo haholo. Ka hona, literene linaheng tse ling li amohetse mofuta oa maoto a mabili a haufi le boemo bo tsitsitseng ba ho apara, 'me o boetse o bitsoa wear tread. Ho amohela sebopeho sena ha se feela ho fokotsa ho roala ha mabili le ho lelefatsa potoloho ea ho lokisa rotary, empa hape ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ka lebaka la ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ho ikopanya le mabili-rail.