1. 1.Waxyaabaha hilibka la isku daray

Marka la barbardhigo borotiinka xayawaanka, soo saarista borotiinka cayayaanka waxay keenaysaa culays yar oo deegaanka ah, kharashka quudinta, iyo gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo. Sidaa darteed, horumarinta borotiinka cayayaanka sida beddelka hilibka mustaqbalka waa mid ka mid ah xalalka wax looga qabanayo koritaanka dadweynaha mustaqbalka iyo xaalufka deegaanka.

Isticmaalka budada gooryaanka jaalaha ah, budada qadada jaalaha ah ee dufan, ama borotiinka jaalaha ah ee cuntada beddelka hilibka xayawaanka qaarkood ee hilibka waxay ka fogaan kartaa nacaybka macaamilka ee qaab-dhismeedka cayayaanka taasoo keenta go'aannada isticmaalka. Orkusz ayaa dib u eegis ku sameeyay oo is barbar dhig ku sameeyay qiimaha nafaqada ee noocyada kala duwan ee hilibka iyo xasharaadka, waxa uuna ogaaday in xasharaadka iyo hilibka hilibka ay ka kooban yihiin borotiin isku mid ah, maadada amino acid-ka muhiimka ah, iyo maadada dufanka leh ee lagama maarmaanka u ah, kuwaas oo dhamaantood bixin kara nafaqooyinka lagama maarmaanka u ah jidhka bini'aadamka. Intaa waxaa dheer, cayayaanka ayaa sidoo kale ku siin kara fiitamiin C iyo fiber-ka cuntada.

Cho iyo Ryul waxay ku darsadeen budada gooryaanka jaalaha ah borotiinka dhirta ku salaysan ee hilibka la ekaysiiyay, oo leh walxo sal ah oo ka kooban 65% budada soybean-ka xun, 25% borotiinka soy go'doonsan, iyo 10% istaarijka galleyda. Gooryaanka jaalaha ah ayaa lagu daray 15% iyo 30% ee walaxda saldhiga ah, hilibka la isku darayna waxaa lagu helay extrusion mataano ah. Budada gooryaanka jaalaha ah waxay kordhisay milanka borotiinka, dheefshiidka, iyo firfircoonida antioxidant, laakiin waxay hoos u dhigtay dabeecadaha lafaha ee hilibka la sawiray.

Tani waxay noqon kartaa daciifinta isdhexgalka molecular ee shabakada borotiinka soybean ee budada qadada jaalaha ah, taas oo la mid ah saameynta ku darista budada jaalaha ah ee shabakada gluten. Marka la barbardhigo alaabta ceeriin ee gooryaanka jaalaha ah ee la qalajiyey, engegan iyo microwave-ka la qalajiyey gooryaanka qadada jaalaha ah alaabta ceeriin ayaa leh caraf ka wanaagsan, taas oo ay sabab u tahay falcelinta Maillard ee dhacaya inta lagu jiro habka qalajinta sababtoo ah kor u kaca heerkulka.

2. 2.Codsiga saliidda gooryaanka jaalaha ah

Sida cayayaan ka kooban saliid badan, mealworms huruud ah kaliya ma bixiyaan borotiin badan laakiin sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro saliid mealworm huruud ah, sida caadiga ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka soo saaridda dareere organic.

Halabuurka aysiidhka dufanka leh ee saliidda ayaa lagu muujiyey shaxda 3, kaas oo ka kooban maaddo aad u badan oo ah asiidh dufan ah oo aan dherayn, oo oleic acid iyo linoleic acid ay yihiin kuwa ugu badan. Waxa ku jira fiitamiin E ee ku jira saliidda gooryaanka hurdiga ah oo lagu cabbiray Son et al. waa 144.3 mg/1000g oo saliid ah, taas oo ka sarraysa inta badan saliidaha laga keeno xoolaha wax yarna ka hooseeya maaddooyinka fitamiin E ee saliidda dhirta. Jeon iyo al. Daraasad lagu sameeyay saamaynta shiilitaanka 200 ℃ muddo 5 ilaa 15 daqiiqo ah oo ku saabsan saliida hurdiga ah ee mealworm waxayna ogaadeen in shiilku uu sii qoto dheereeyo midabka saliidda oo uu kordhiyo nuxurka oleic acid iyo tocopherol.

Saliida qadada jaalaha ah ee la shiilay ayaa sidoo kale muujisay xasillooni oksaydhka saliidda oo ka wanaagsan, taas oo laga yaabo inay sabab u tahay alaabada falcelinta Maillard ee la soo saaray intii lagu jiray habka shiilan oo leh astaamo antioxidant gaar ah.

3. Codsiga borotiinka gooryaanka jaalaha ah: budada gooryaanka jaalaha ah ee dufan waa la sii sifeeyaa si loo helo borotiinka jaalaha ah ee nadiifka ah. Daraasado hore ayaa lagu qiyaasey milanka, waxyaabaha emulsifying, sifooyinka xumbada, iyo sifooyinka shaqeynta ee alaabta hydrolysis ee borotiinka jaalaha ah ee cuntada. Yoo iyo al. Hydrolysates loo diyaariyey borotiinada cayayaanka sida borotiinka mealworm jaalaha ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo enzymes dhadhanka, borotiinka alkaline, ama isku dhafka labada.

Waxay ogaadeen in milanka si weyn loo kordhiyay ka dib hydrolysis by dhowr habab enzymatic, halka awoodda xumbo ayaa la dhimay. Daawaynta ensaymka dhadhanka ayaa si weyn u wanaajisay firfircoonida emulsifying iyo xasiloonida borotiinka gooryaanka cuntada huruudka ah. Ka dib markii alkaline protease hydrolysis, angiotensin-converting enzyme si weyn ayaa loo joojiyay, iyo daaweynta isku dhafka enzyme ayaa muujisay saameyn weyn oo ku saabsan α- Joojinta waxtarka leh ee dhaqdhaqaaqa glucosidase.

Astaamaha shaqada ee borotiinka go'doominta gooryaanka huruudka ah waxay la mid yihiin borotiinnada dhirta ganacsiga ee jira waxayna awood u leeyihiin in lagu dabaqo hababka cuntada. Diyaarinta kareemka laga helo borotiinka molitor Tenebrio iyo naqshadeynta habka gaadiidka walxaha noolaha sida curcumin ayaa la darsay.

Grossmann iyo al. Hydrolyzed jaalaha borotiinka cunnada cunnada ah wuxuuna kaga falceliyay xylose at 98 ℃ 30 daqiiqo falcelinta Maillard. Dareen-celinta Maillard waxay xoojisay qadhaadhkeeda iyo cusbaynteeda, taas oo muujinaysa in badeecada hydrolysis ee borotiinka mealworm ee jaalaha ah loo isticmaali karo alaab cayriin ah oo loogu talagalay horumarinta walxaha dhadhanka cusub.