Wheelsets akakamurwa kuita mavhiri emota uye locomotive wheelsets. Locomotive wheelsets akakamurwa kuita steam engine wheelsets, diesel engine wheelsets, emagetsi locomotive wheelsets uye anofambisa axle wheelsets emayuniti akawanda zvichienderana nemhando dzelocomotive. Mavhiri anofamba edhiziri locomotives, emagetsi locomotives uye emus akashongedzerwa nemagiya ekufambisa pamiviri yeaxle. Mota dzemazuva ano dzinomhanya zvakanyanya uye emus dzinotora mabhureki edhisiki, uye mabhureki disc anoiswa pamiviri yeekisi kana mavhiri.

Mavhiri ezvitima zvifambiso zvakakamurwa kuita mavhiri ekutungamira, mavhiri anofamba, mavhiriseti anofambiswa nemavhiri emvura emarasha. Iyo inotungamira vhiri peya iri kumberi kweiyo locomotive uye inotamba basa rekutungamira locomotive. Inofamba vhiri peya inoita basa rekutumira locomotive simba. Iro vhiri rekutyaira rinofambiswa zvakananga necylinder piston (piston) kuburikidza nedombo, uye vhiri rekutyaira rinofambiswa netambo yekubatanidza. Kune ma crank, maburi epini uye zvidhinha zvekuyeresa pakati pevhiri revhiri rinofamba, uye mavhiri ekuruboshwe nekurudyi mavhiri anofanirwa kuve ne90-degree chikamu musiyano kana akaunganidzwa. Mabearings evhiri rinofamba uye gumbo rinotungamirira zviri mukati mevhiri. Gumbo revaranda nevhiri remvura yemarasha zvakafanana muchimiro nevhiri remotokari dzinotakura vanhu.

Mavhiri anogona kupatsanurwa kuita rolling bearing wheelsets uye anotsvedza anotakura mavhiriseti zvichienderana nemhando dzekutakura dzinoshanda kune ekisi. Mota dzevatyairi dzeChina Railway dzese dzakagamuchirwa, uye huwandu hwemotokari dzekutakura dzine mavhiri ekutakura dziri kuwedzera zuva nezuva.

Zvinoenderana nemusiyano weiyo yakanyanya kutenderwa axle mutoro (yakanyanya static kumanikidza kunoitwa nevhiriset pachitima), vhiri rekutakura rekutakura mota inotsvedza yakakamurwa kuva mhando ina: B, C, D uye E, uye zviyero zve maekisesi nemavhiri emhando imwe neimwe yemavhiri akasiyana kunze kwedhayamita yevhiri; Kune mhando nhatu dzevatakuri nemotokari dzekutakura dzinotenderedza mavhiri mavhiri: RC, RD neRE, uye kune hurefu hwemagazini hwakasiyana muvhiri rimwe chete nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemabheji, saka nhamba dzinotevera dzinoshandiswa kusiyanisa, seRC. uye RD. Maekisi anogadzirwa kubva pakati kabhoni yemhando yepamusoro simbi kuita masilinda ane madhayamita akasiyana. Zvinoenderana nemhando dzemotokari, inogona kukamurwa kuita locomotive axles uye mutyairi uye marori axles. Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekubereka, inogona kukamurwa kuita inotsvedza inotakura axle uye rolling bearing axle.

① Chigaro cheWheel, panotsikiswa vhiri, ndichowo chikamu chine dhayamita yakakura pane ekisero;

(2) jenari, chikamu cheekisero chinodyidzana nekutakura;

(3) Axle body, chikamu chiri pakati pemavhiri maviri. Mamwe maekisero emota dzevatakuri uye dzekutakura zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma anodzikira kubva pachigaro chevhiri kuenda pakati, uye mamwe maekisero anoita cylindrical pakureba. Magiya ekufambisa ezvitima zvedhiziri nemagetsi emagetsi uye maaxle-mounted brake discs emotikari ane dhisiki mabhureki anounganidzwa pamiviri yeaxle;

(4) Chigaro chinodzivirira guruva, shanduko pakati pejenari yeaxle uye chigaro chevhiri pane ekisero yevatyairi nemotokari dzinotakura zvinhu, painogadzikwa ndiro yeguruva-yebhokisi rinotsvedza kana bhero rekumashure rekukunguruka kwebhokisi;

⑤ Maekisi maekisi, zvikamu kumagumo ese emutyairi nemota dzekutakura zvinhu anobuda kubva mumajenari eekisi, anoshandiswa kudzivirira mabheya ekutsvedza kuti asafambe zvakanyanya pamajenari eekisi, uye hapana makora eekisi pamaekisi anotendereka;

⑥ Badzi rekumashure rejenari uye chikamu chejenari padhuze nechigaro chepureti inodzivirira guruva zvinogadzirwa kuita arc shanduko kudzivirira kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekungoerekana kwachinja dhayamita.

Kuremerwa paaxle yelocomotive uye rolling stock inogara ichichinja, uye nekuti wheelset inoramba ichitenderera, kuchinjika kushushikana kunogadzirwa muekisi. Naizvozvo, iyo durability muganho weaxle zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuvandudzwa. Nechikonzero ichi, mukugadzira, shaft shaft inofanirwa kugadziriswa nekureba-yakazara rotary kucheka, iyo magazini uye chigaro chevhiri chinofanira kusimbiswa nekukunguruka, uye groove inoderedza mutoro inofanira kuiswa pachigaro chevhiri uye arc shanduko. (rolling bearing) yejenari kumashure kwebendekete. Yakasimba ultrasonic uye electromagnetic kukanganisa kunofanirwa kuitwa mukati menguva yese yekushandisa.

Maekisi anowanzo kusimba, asi kugoverwa kwekushushikana kweaxle pamuchinjiko hakuna kuenzana, uye kuswedera pedyo nepamusoro, kunowedzera kushushikana, nepo kushushikana kuri pakati kuri kudiki. Naizvozvo, zvinogoneka kushandisa hollow axle pachinzvimbo cheiyo axle yakasimba kuderedza kukuvadza kwehuremu husina kuvhurika pane locomotives uye mitsetse. Kunyange zvazvo ekisi isina mhango yakaedzwa kwemakore akawanda mune dzimwe nyika njanji, ichiri kuongororwa uye kuvandudzwa nekuda kwekuoma kwekushushikana kuri kushandiswa [1].

Mavhiri anotsikirirwa paekisero, uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pemavhiri maviri paekisero imwe chete chinochinjirwa kugeji, kuitira kuti vhiri revhiri rigone kukunguruka panjanji.

Chikamu chevhiri chakabatana nenjanji, ndiko kuti, mhete yekunze yevhiri, inonzi rimu pavhiri repakati uye vhiri riri pavhiri revhiri. Kumusoro kwerimu kana vhiri rinobata njanji kunonzi kutsika, uye chikamu chakasimudzwa kune rimwe divi rekutsika chinonzi rim. Rimu iri padivi remukati renjanji, iyo inogona kudzivirira wheelset kubva pakudonha uye kuita basa rekutungamira. Chikamu chevhiri chinosanganiswa ne ekisi chinonzi hub. Hub uye rim zvakabatanidzwa nema spokes. Spokes inogona kuenderera mberi disks, inonzi spokes; Inogonawo kuva nhamba yemasilinda akarongwa pamwe chete neradial direction, inonzi spokes.

Zvichienderana nechimiro, mavhiri anogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: mavhiri evhiri uye mavhiri akabatanidzwa. Gumbo revhiri rinogadzirwa nekuisa vhiri papakati pevhiri nenzira yekupisa inopisa uye kuisa mhete yekuchengeta. Ring inochengeta inogona kudzivirira vhiri kubva kana vhiri nepakati vhiri zvakasununguka, uye kuita basa rekuchengetedza kuchengetedza. Integral vhiri kubatanidza vhiri nerimu riri pakati pevhiri. Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nyika dzinotorawo mavhiri ane elastic zvinhu pakati perimu newebhu. Rudzi rwevhiri urwu rwunodaidzwa kuti elastic vhiri, rinowanzo shandiswa pamotokari dzenjanji dzepasi.

Mukushanda, chikamu chekusangana chevhiri nenjanji chinotakura kudzvanywa kukuru uye nzvimbo yekubata inoburitsa elastic deformation uye kushushikana kukuru kwekusangana. Mukushanda, mavhiri ekuruboshwe nekurudyi anokunguruka panjanji ane madhayamita akasiyana, zvichikonzera kutsvedza uye kupera kwemavhiri; Kana mabhureki, kutsika kwevhiri kunopfekwawo zvakanyanya neshangu dzebhureki, uye tembiricha yepamusoro inogadzirwa.

Zvese izvi zvinoda kuti zvinhu zvekutsika kwevhiri zvinofanira kunge zvine simba rakawanda, kuomarara, kusimba kwekukanganisa uye kupfeka kwakanaka kuramba. Iyo hubhu yakadzvanywa pane ekisero inonyanya kutakura elastic simba, uye masipoki kana masipoki anongotakura kumanikidza uye kukotama simba, izvo zvinoda kuomarara kwakanyanya.

Iyo vhiri uye vhiri pakati pevhiri revhiri rinogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, saka rinogona kuzadzisa zviri pamusoro zvinodiwa. Iro vhiri repakati rakaderera kune vhiri rekutsika-tsika, asi rakareruka mukurema uye risingadhure. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, vhiri harizorori uye rinotsemuka. China Railway ichiri kushandisa mavhiri ematai pazvitima, uye mota dzese dzinotakura vanhu dzakashandisa mavhiri esimbi.

Kukosha kwezita kwedhayamita yevhiri ndiyo dhayamita yedenderedzwa rinotenderedza (denderedzwa rakaumbwa nemharadzano yendege inopindirana nerutivi rwemukati rwevhiri uye kutsika kwevhiri). Iwo madhayamita evhiri emotokari dzinotakura zvinhu, mota dzevafambi, injini dzinopisa mukati uye zvitima zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa muChina Railway 840mm, 915mm, 1050mm uye 1250mm zvakateerana. Iyo dhayamita yemavhiri akasiyana-siyana emhepo inoputika inosiyana nemuenzaniso, uye dhayamita yemavhiri anofamba anowanzo pakati pe1370 ne2000 mm.

Mutsetse wecontour wakaumbwa nerimu revhiri uye kutsika paradial chikamu chevhiri. Sarudzo yevhiri rimu uye inotsika chimiro haingokanganisa kupfeka uye sevhisi hupenyu hwevhiri, asi zvakare inokanganisa zvakananga curve inopfuura kuita uye kumhanya kwemhando yelocomotive nemotokari. Rimu rinogonesa mavhiri kupfuura nemacurves uye turnouts zvakavimbika pasina kudonha. Iyo inotsika ndeye conical, ine taper ye1:10 pedyo nedenderedzwa rinotenderera.

Kana ichipfuura nepacurve, vhiri rekunze rinokunguruka panjanji yekunze ine dhayamita yakakura padyo nerimu, uye vhiri remukati rinokunguruka panjanji yemukati ine dhayamita diki, zvekuti kune rimwe divi, vhiriset rinoita kutungamira. nekuchinja kwemutsetse wekutungamira, uye panguva imwe chete, mutsauko wekutenderera kure pakati pevhiri remukati uye kunze kwevhiri unogona kubhadhara simba rekusiyana kwehurefu hwenjanji yemukati uye kunze kwenjanji.

Kana uchimhanya mumutsara wakatwasuka, kana vhiri seti rikatsauka kubva panzvimbo yaro yepakati pamutsetse, mutsauko uripo pakati pekukunguruka kweradii yemavhiri maviri uchaita kuti vhiriset rifambe munzira yekudzosera nzvimbo yaro yepakati. Iyo taper yerutivi rwekunze rwevhiri ndeye 1: 5, iyo inogona kuwedzera mutsauko pakati peiyo rolling radii yemavhiri maviri evhiriset uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kupfuura nepakati diki radius curve. Nekudaro, iyo conical kutsika zvakare mudzi weiyo nyoka-sekufamba kwema locomotives uye mota uye inokanganisa kumhanya kwemhando. Kuderedza taper yekutsika kunobatsira kudzora kufamba kwekuvhima, asi vhiri rim kupfeka zviri pachena kuti rakawedzera, uye kutenderera kwevhiri uye hupenyu hwesevhisi yevhiri zvakapfupikiswa zvakanyanya.

Iyi nzira inongoshandiswa pane zvimwe zvitima zvinomhanya zvakanyanya. Nekune rimwe divi, iyo tread profile yevhiri rim inopfeka nekukurumidza padanho rekutanga rekushanda, uye yobva yaita kugadzikana uye kupfeka kunononoka. Mushure mekugadzirisa rotary, chimiro hachikwanisi kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba, uye simbi yekucheka chiyero chikuru kwazvo. Naizvozvo, njanji mune dzimwe nyika dzakatora chimiro chevhiri rekutsika iyo iri padyo nenzvimbo yakagadzikana yekupfeka, uye inonziwo wear tread. Kutora chimiro ichi hakungogone kuderedza kupera kwemavhiri uye kurebesa kutenderera kwekugadzirisa, asi zvakare kuderedza kushushikana kwekusangana nekuda kwekuvandudza vhiri-rail yekubata mamiriro.