Ma Wheelsets amagawidwa m'ma wheelsets agalimoto ndi ma locomotive wheelset. Magudumu a Locomotive amagawidwa m'mawilo a injini ya nthunzi, mawilo a injini ya dizilo, magudumu amagetsi amagetsi ndi ma wheel axle osuntha a mayunitsi angapo malinga ndi mitundu ya locomotive. Ma gudumu a axle a ma locomotive a dizilo, ma locomotive amagetsi ndi ma emus ali ndi zida zotumizira pamatupi a axle. Magalimoto amakono okwera kwambiri komanso ma emus amatengera ma disc brakes, ndipo ma brake discs amaikidwa pa matupi a ekisi kapena mawilo.

Mawilo a injini za nthunzi amagawidwa m'magudumu owongolera, magudumu oyenda, ma wheelsets oyendetsedwa ndi ma wheelset amadzi a malasha. Ma wheel wheel wheel ali kutsogolo kwa locomotive ndipo amatenga gawo lotsogolera locomotive. Ma gudumu oyenda amasewera ntchito yotumiza mphamvu ya locomotive. Magudumu oyendetsa galimoto amayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi pistoni ya silinda (pistoni) kupyolera mu rocker, ndipo gudumu loyendetsa galimoto limayendetsedwa ndi ndodo yolumikizira. Pali ma crank, mabowo a pini ndi mipiringidzo pakati pa magudumu osuntha, ndipo magudumu akumanzere ndi kumanja ayenera kukhala ndi kusiyana kwa magawo 90 akasonkhanitsidwa. Mapiri a gudumu loyenda ndi gudumu lowongolera ali mkati mwa gudumu. Mawilo a akapolo ndi gudumu lamadzi a malasha ndi ofanana m'mawonekedwe a magalimoto onyamula anthu ndi onyamula katundu.

Ma Wheelsets amatha kugawidwa m'ma wheelset oyenda ndi ma wheelset oyenda motengera mitundu yonyamula yomwe imagwira ntchito pa ma axles. Magalimoto onyamula anthu aku China Railway onse alandiridwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu okhala ndi ma wheelset akuchulukirachulukira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Malinga ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa axle katundu (kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa static komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi wheelset pa njanji), gudumu la galimoto yonyamula katundu imagawidwa m'magulu anayi: B, C, D ndi E, ndi miyeso ya ma axles ndi magudumu amtundu uliwonse wa wheelset ndi osiyana kupatula kukula kwa gudumu; Pali mitundu itatu ya magudumu onyamula anthu okwera ndi onyamula katundu: RC, RD ndi RE, ndipo pali utali wosiyanasiyana wa magazini mu wheelset womwewo chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma mayendedwe oyenda, kotero manambala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwasiyanitsa, monga RC. ndi RD. Ma axles amapangidwa kuchokera kuchitsulo chapakatikati cha carbon high quality kukhala masilindala okhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi mitundu yamagalimoto, imatha kugawidwa m'ma axles a locomotive ndi ma axle okwera ndi magalimoto. Kutengera ndi mtundu wake, imatha kugawidwa kukhala gwero lotsetsereka komanso chitsulo cholumikizira.

① Mpando wamagudumu, pomwe gudumu limapanikizidwa, ndi gawo lomwe lili ndi mainchesi akulu kwambiri pa ekisi;

(2) magazini, gawo la chitsulo chomwe chimalumikizana ndi kunyamula;

(3) Thupi la ekisilo, gawo lomwe lili pakati pa mawilo awiri. Ma axle ena a magalimoto onyamula katundu amatsika pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa mpando wamagudumu kupita pakati, ndipo ma axle ena amakhala atalitali. Magiya otumizira magalimoto a dizilo ndi ma locomotive amagetsi ndi ma axle-mounted brake discs a locomotive axles okhala ndi ma disc mabuleki amasonkhanitsidwa pamatupi a axle;

(4) Mpando wa mbale wosakanizidwa ndi fumbi, kusintha pakati pa gwero la axle ndi mpando wamagudumu pa ekisi ya okwera ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu, pomwe mbale yotchinga fumbi ya bokosi lotsetsereka kapena chotchinga chakumbuyo chimayikidwa;

⑤ Ma axle makolala, mbali zonse ziwiri za ma axle okwera ndi zonyamula katundu zomwe zimatuluka kuchokera ku ma axle magazine, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa ma axle mayendedwe kuti asasunthe mopitilira muyeso pa ma axle magazine, ndipo palibe ma axle axle pama axle ogudubuza;

⑥ Paphewa lakumbuyo la magazini ndi gawo la magazini pafupi ndi mpando wosalowerera fumbi amapangidwa kukhala arc kuti apewe kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa diameter.

Katundu pa axle ya locomotive ndi rolling stock ikusintha mosalekeza, ndipo chifukwa gudumu limasinthasintha, kupsinjika kumapangidwa mu ekisilo. Chifukwa chake, malire olimba a axle akuyenera kuwongoleredwa. Pachifukwa ichi, popanga, shaft shaft iyenera kukonzedwa ndi kudula mozungulira kutalika, magazini ndi mpando wamagudumu ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi kugudubuza, ndipo poyambira kuchepetsa katundu ayenera kuikidwa pa mpando wamagudumu ndi kusintha kwa arc. (kugudubuza) kwa magazini kumbuyo phewa. Kuzindikira zolakwika za ultrasonic ndi electromagnetic ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yonse yogwiritsira ntchito.

Ma axles nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba, koma kugawa kwa axle kupsinjika pamtanda kumakhala kosagwirizana, ndipo kuyandikira pamwamba, kumakhala kupsinjika kwakukulu, pomwe kupsinjika kwapakati kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito gwero lopanda kanthu m'malo mwa chitsulo cholimba kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo chowopsa cha kulemera kosasunthika pama locomotive ndi mizere. Ngakhale kuti axle yobowoyo yayesedwa kwa zaka zambiri m'maboma a njanji m'mayiko ena, ikuphunziridwabe ndi kuwongoleredwa chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito [1].

Mawilo amapanikizidwa pa ekisi, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa mawilo awiri pa ekisi imodzi umasinthidwa ku geji, kotero kuti gudumu likhoza kugubuduza pa njanji.

Mbali ya gudumu yomwe imakhudzana ndi njanji, ndiko kuti, mphete yakunja ya gudumu, imatchedwa nthiti pa gudumu lofunika kwambiri ndi tayala la gudumu. Pamwamba pa mkombero kapena tayala lomwe limalumikizana ndi njanji imatchedwa tread, ndipo mbali yokwezeka kumbali imodzi ya nsongayo imatchedwa rim. Mphepete mwa njanjiyo ili mkati mwa njanji, zomwe zingalepheretse gudumu kuti lisasunthike ndikuchita gawo lotsogolera. Mbali ya gudumu yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi ekseli imatchedwa hub. Hub ndi m'mphepete zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi spokes. Spokes akhoza kukhala ma disks opitirira, otchedwa spokes; Itha kukhalanso ma silinda angapo opangidwa motsatira njira ya radial, yotchedwa spokes.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, mawilo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: matayala ndi mawilo ofunikira. Gudumu la tayalalo limapangidwa poyika tayala pakatikati pa gudumu ndi njira yolumikizira yotentha ndikuyika mphete yosungira. Mphete yotsekera imatha kuletsa tayala kuti lisatuluke pamene tayala ndi pakati pa magudumu zamasuka, ndipo zimagwira ntchito yoyimitsa chitetezo. Gudumu lophatikizana ndikuphatikiza tayala ndi mkombero wapakati pa gudumu. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko ena amatenganso mawilo okhala ndi zinthu zotanuka pakati pa mkombero ndi ukonde. Magudumu amtunduwu amatchedwa elastic wheel, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto apansi panthaka.

Pogwira ntchito, gawo lolumikizana la gudumu ndi njanji limakhala ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu ndipo malo olumikizirana nawo amatulutsa mapindikidwe zotanuka komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu. Pogwira ntchito, mawilo akumanzere ndi kumanja amagubuduza njanji ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsetsereka ndi magudumu; Pamene braking, kuponda kwa gudumu kumavalidwanso kwambiri ndi nsapato za brake, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kumapangidwa.

Zonsezi zimafuna kuti zinthu zopondera magudumu ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuuma, kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kukana kwabwino. Malo omwe amapanikizidwa pa ekisiyo amakhala ndi mphamvu zotanuka, ndipo masipoko kapena masipoko amangokhala ndi mphamvu yopindika, zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwambiri.

Pakatikati pa matayala ndi matayala a matayala amatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kotero amatha kukwaniritsa zomwe zili pamwambapa. Magudumu ofunikira ndi otsika poyerekezera ndi matayala omwe amamatira, koma ndi opepuka komanso otsika mtengo. Chofunika kwambiri, tayala silidzapumula ndikusweka. China Railway imagwiritsabe ntchito matayala pamasitima apamtunda, ndipo magalimoto onse okwera ndi onyamula katundu agwiritsa ntchito mawilo achitsulo.

Mtengo wodziŵika wa gudumu la gudumu ndi m'mimba mwake wa bwalo lozungulira (bwalo lopangidwa ndi mphambano ya ndege yofanana ndi mkati mwa gudumu ndi kuponda kwa gudumu). Magudumu a magalimoto onyamula katundu, magalimoto onyamula anthu, injini zoyatsira mkati ndi ma locomotives amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China Railway ndi 840mm, 915mm, 1050mm ndi 1250mm motsatana. The awiri mawilo osiyanasiyana nthunzi locomotive zimasiyanasiyana chitsanzo, ndi awiri mawilo osuntha nthawi zambiri pakati 1370 ndi 2000 mm.

Mzere wozungulira wopangidwa ndi gudumu la gudumu ndikuponda pagawo lozungulira la gudumu. Kusankhidwa kwa gudumu la gudumu ndi mawonekedwe opondaponda sikuti kumangokhudza kuvala ndi moyo wautumiki wa gudumu, komanso kumakhudza mwachindunji momwe mapindikira amadutsa komanso kuthamanga kwamayendedwe a locomotive ndi galimoto. Mphepoyi imathandiza mawilo kuti adutse ma curve ndi ma turnouts modalirika popanda kusokonekera. Mzerewu ndi wozungulira, wokhala ndi taper wa 1:10 pafupi ndi bwalo lozungulira.

Podutsa popindikira, gudumu lakunja limagudubuzika panjanji yakunja yokhala ndi mainchesi okulirapo pafupi ndi mphepete, ndipo gudumu lamkati limagudubuzika panjanji yamkati ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono, kotero kuti mbali imodzi, gudumu limagwira ntchito yotsogolera. ndi kusintha kwa mzere wa mzere, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusiyana kwa mtunda wozungulira pakati pa gudumu lamkati ndi gudumu lakunja kungathe kulipira chikoka cha kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa njanji yamkati ndi njanji yakunja.

Mukathamanga mumzere wowongoka, ngati gudumu lipatuka pa malo ake apakati pamzere, kusiyana pakati pa radiyo yozungulira ya mawilo awiriwo kumapangitsa kuti gudumu lisunthike pobwezeretsa malo ake apakati. Mphepete mwa mbali yakunja ya gudumu ndi 1: 5, yomwe ingapangitse kusiyana pakati pa radii yozungulira ya mawilo awiri a wheelset ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kudutsa pamtunda wawung'ono. Komabe, kupondaponda kwa conical ndikonso gwero la kuyenda ngati njoka kwa ma locomotives ndi magalimoto ndipo kumakhudza kuthamanga kwabwino. Kuchepetsa kupondaponda kumakhala kothandiza kuletsa kusaka, koma kuvala kwa gudumu kumakulirakulira, ndipo ma gudumu ndi moyo wamagudumu amafupikitsidwa kwambiri.

Njirayi imangogwiritsidwa ntchito pamasitima ena othamanga kwambiri. Kumbali inayi, mawonekedwe a magudumu a magudumu amavala mofulumira kumayambiriro kwa ntchito, ndiyeno amakhala okhazikika ndipo kuvala kumachepetsa. Pambuyo pokonza rotary, mawonekedwewo sangathe kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kuchuluka kwachitsulo chodula ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Choncho, njanji m'mayiko ena atengera mtundu wa magudumu opondaponda omwe ali pafupi ndi momwe amavalira, ndipo amatchedwanso wear tread. Kutengera mawonekedwewa sikungangochepetsa kuvala kwa magudumu ndikutalikitsa kukonzanso kozungulira, komanso kumachepetsa kupsinjika chifukwa chakuwongolera momwe magudumu amalumikizirana.