Nceda
I-carbon activated okanye i-charcoal activated yi-element e-porous ebamba i-compounds, ngokuyinhloko i-organic, ekhoyo kwigesi okanye ulwelo. Ikwenza oku ngempumelelo kangangokuba iyeyona arhente yokucoca isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabantu.
Iinkcukacha zeMveliso
Ingcaciso yeMveliso
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iikhompawundi ze-organic ziphuma kwi-metabolism yezinto eziphilayo, kwaye isakhiwo sazo esisisiseko siquka amatyathanga ekhabhoni kunye ne-athomu ye-hydrogen. Ezi ziquka zonke izinto eziphuma kwizityalo kunye nehlabathi lezilwanyana, kuquka i-petroleum kunye neekhompawundi ezifunyenwe kuyo.
Ipropati eqinileyo yokubambelela i-molecule ehambayo kwiindonga zayo ibizwa ngokuba yi "adsorption". I-solid ibizwa ngokuba yi "adsorbent" kunye ne-molecule, "adsorbate".
Emva kokucoca, okujolise kukugcina izinto eziqinileyo kulwelo, akukho nkqubo yokucoca enye enezicelo ezininzi kunekhabhoni esebenzayo.
Qhubeka ufunda esi sikhokelo sipheleleyo ukuze wazi ukuba njani ikhabhoni esebenzayo isebenza, izicelo zayo eziphambili, kwaye ukuba ufunda kude kube sekupheleni uya kufumana itheyibhile epheleleyo kunye neembekiselo kumanqaku athile kuphawu ngalunye lwekhabhoni esebenzayo. Izihloko esiza kuziqwalasela zezi zilandelayo:
1. Yintoni ikhabhoni esebenzayo?
2. Isetyenziselwa ntoni ikharbhon esebenzayo?
3. Inokufunyanwa phi ikharbhon esebenzayo?
4. Isebenza njani ikhabhoni evuliweyo?
5. Zeziphi imathiriyeli ekrwada ezinokufunyanwa kwikhabhoni ecuthiweyo?
6. Amalahle ekhokhonathi
7. Amalahle amaminerali.
8. Yintoni amandla e-adsorption yekhabhoni esebenzayo?
9. Isebenza njani ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwi-dechlorination?
10. Loluphi uhlobo lwekhabhoni esebenzayo eyona ifanelekileyo yokucocwa kwamanzi?
11. Loluphi uhlobo lwekhabhoni esebenzayo eyona ifanelekileyo yokucoca umoya kunye neegesi?
Isetyenziselwa ntoni ikhabhoni esebenzayo?
● Ukucoca amanzi.
(ikhabhoni iyawagcina amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, igrisi, i-oyile, izicoci, iimveliso zokubulala iintsholongwane, ityhefu, iikhompawundi ezivelisa imibala, iikhompawundi ezivela ekuboleni kolwelwe kunye nezityalo okanye kwimetabolism yezilwanyana…).
● Ukuphelisa ivumba nokucoca umoya.
Umzekelo: kwii-cartridge respirators, iinkqubo zokubuyisela umoya kwiindawo zikawonkewonke, i-drain vents kunye nezityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi, iindawo zokufaka ipeyinti, iindawo ezigcina okanye zisebenzisa i-solvents eziphilayo.
● Unyango lwabantu abanxile kakhulu.
I-charcoal esebenzayo ithathwa njengeyona "antidote yendalo yonke", kwaye isetyenziswe kumagumbi angxamisekileyo kunye nezibhedlele.
● Ukucokisa iswekile.
I-charcoal igcina iiprotheni ezinika umbala kwijusi yommoba; eyona njongo yale nkqubo kukuthintela ukuba iswekile ingabili kwaye yonakale.
● Ukonakala kweoli yemifuno.
(ezifana nekhokhonathi). Iswekile yengqolowa kunye nolunye ulwelo olulungiselelwe ukutya.
● Ukutshintsha kwemibala nokunuka kakubi kweziselo ezinxilisayo.
(ezifana newayini zomdiliya kunye nedistillates zayo nayiphi na imvelaphi)
● Ukubuyiswa kwegolide.
Igolide engenakuhlukaniswa kwiiminerali ngeenkqubo zokujikeleza iyachithwa kwi-sodium cyanide kwaye ibhengezwe kwikhabhoni esebenzayo.
Iimveliso ezinxulumeneyo
Ngo-1985, i-Datong Locomotive Works yaqaphela ukuba ii-locomotives zombane yayiyeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yophuhliso lwe-locomotive kaloliwe wase-China kunye noshishino lwempahla yempahla kwixesha elizayo, kwaye yabeka phambili ingcamango yoyilo lwemveliso ye "Nanzhu (iZhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) kunye neDatong Locomotive Works".
I-Shaoshan Type 3 locomotive yombane sisizukulwana sesibini selizwe lam labakhweli abane-asi e-6 kunye nelocomotive yempahla. I-locomotive ithatha ibhulorho-uhlobo olupheleleyo ukulungiswa kwamaza kwaye iqonda ukulawulwa kombane ogudileyo wesigaba se-thyristor. I-locomotive ithatha i-single-phase ye-AC 25kV 50Hz inkqubo yombane kwaye inesantya esiphezulu se-100km / h.
I-SS3B egxininisiweyo ye-locomotive yombane enzima yi-12-axle yomthwalo we-locomotive yombane. Iqulethe iilocomotives ezimbini ezifanayo ezine-axle ezi-6 ezidityaniswe yi-coupler kunye ne-windshield. La macandelo mabini axhotyiswe ngesixokelelwano sombane esine-voltage ephezulu, iintambo zokulawula, kunye nokukhusela inethiwekhi. Imibhobho yokulawula umgca kunye nomoya. Isithuthi sonke sinokulawulwa ngolungelelwano kuyo nayiphi na i-cab. I-locomotive ithatha inkqubo ye-frequency power frequency system, i-voltage 25kV, i-AC-DC transmission, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza kwi-locomotive yi-100km / h.
I-locomotive yombane i-Shaoshan 4 yi-8-axle yokuthutha impahla. I-locomotive inee-locomotive ezimbini ezifanayo ezine-axle ezine ezidityaniswe yi-coupler kunye ne-windshield. Ezi workshops zimbini zixhotyiswe ngeziqhagamshelo eziphezulu ze-voltage zenkqubo yombane, iintambo zokulawula ukudibanisa kwakhona kunye nemigudu yokulawula i-air brake system. Isithuthi siphela sinokulawulwa ngolungelelwano ukusuka kwikhebhu yomqhubi wayo nayiphi na enye yezithuthi. Izitimela ezimbini zinokwahlulwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokuzimeleyo njenge locomotive ene-axle ezine.