Somali
A gudbinta semi-automatic ah waa gudbinta xawaaraha badan halka qayb ka mid ah hawsheeda ay tahay otomaatig ah (sida caadiga ah firfircoonida ee clutch), laakiin gelinta darawalka ayaa weli looga baahan yahay si uu gaariga uga soo dejiyo joogsiga iyo inuu gacanta ku beddelo geerka. Gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah ayaa ku dhawaad si gaar ah loogu isticmaali jiray mootooyinka waxayna ku saleysan yihiin kuwa caadiga ah gudbinta gacanta ama gudbinta buug-gacmeedka ee isdaba jooga ah, laakiin isticmaal nidaamka xajinta tooska ah. Laakiin qaar ka mid ah gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu saleeyay haydarooliga caadiga ah gudbinta tooska ah leh beddelayaasha torque iyo gearsets meeraha.
Magacyada noocyada gaarka ah ee gudbinta badh-atomatiga ah waxaa ka mid ah buug-gacmeed aan xajin lahayn,auto-handual,auto-clutch buug-gacmeedka,iyo rog-rogid gudbinta.[8][9][10] Nidaamyadani waxay u fududeeyaan dareewalka gear-ka iyagoo si toos ah ugu shaqaynaya nidaamka xajinta, sida caadiga ah iyada oo loo marayo furayaasha taas oo kicinaysa an firfircoone ama servo, iyadoo wali u baahan darawalku inuu gacanta ku beddelo geerka. Tani waxay ka duwan tahay a preselector gearbox, kaas oo darawalku ku shaqeeyo xajinta oo uu doorto saamiga soo socda ee gear, laakiin isbeddelka qalabka gudaha gudbinta si toos ah ayaa loo sameeyaa.
Isticmaalka ugu horreeya ee gudbinta badh-otomaatigga ah waxay ku jirtay baabuurta, taas oo sii kordheysa caannimada bartamihii 1930-meeyadii markii ay bixiyeen dhowr shirkadood oo baabuurta Maraykanka ah. In ka yar caadi ahaan gudbinta tooska ah ee haydarooliga qadiimiga ah, gudbinta si toos ah ayaa si kastaba ha ahaatee lagu sameeyay noocyo kala duwan oo baabuur iyo mootooyin ah waxayna ku sii jireen wax soo saarka qarnigii 21aad oo dhan. Gudbinta Semi-otomaatigga ah ee leh hawlgalka wareejinta suufka ayaa loo adeegsaday noocyo kala duwan baabuurta tartanka, oo markii ugu horeysay la soo bandhigay si loo xakameeyo qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya ee qalabka korontada Ferrari 640 Formula One baabuur 1989. Nidaamyadan waxaa hadda lagu isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo ah fasallada baabuurta tartanka heerka-sare; oo ay ku jiraan Formula One, IndyCar, iyo tartanka baabuurta dalxiiska. Codsiyada kale waxaa ka mid ah mootooyinka, baabuurta waaweyn, basaska, iyo baabuurta tareenada.
Semi-automatic ayaa fududeynaya gear guuro adiga oo meesha ka saaraya baahida loo qabo in lagu buufiyo badelaha xajin ama kabaal isla mar la beddelo gearska. Baabuurta leh gudbinta badh-otomaatigga ah kuma xidhna badarka xajinta ee caadiga ah maadaama xajinta meel fog laga hago. Sidoo kale, inta badan mootooyinka leh gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah kuma xirna kabaalka xajin ee caadiga ah gacanqaad.
Inta badan gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah waxay ku saleysan tahay gudbinta gacanta ee caadiga ah. Waxay noqon karaan gudbin qayb toos ah. Marka xajintu noqoto mid otomaatig ah, gudbintu waxay noqotaa semi-automatic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamyadani waxay weli u baahan yihiin xulashada qalabka gacanta ee darawalku. Faafinta noocaan ah waxaa loo yaqaan a buug-gacmeed aan xajin lahayn ama ah buug-gacmeed toos ah.
Inta badan gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah ee baabuurta rakaabka ee da'da weyn waxay haysaa beddelka H-qaabka caadiga ah ee gudbinta gacanta; si la mid ah, gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah ee mootooyinka da'da weyn waxay hayaan kabaalka-bedelka cagta ee caadiga ah, sida mooto leh gudbinta gacanta si buuxda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamyada semi-atomatiga ah ee mootooyinka cusub, baabuurta tartanka, iyo noocyada kale ee baabuurta ayaa inta badan isticmaala hababka xulashada qalabka sida bacaha shift ee u dhow isteerinka ama kiciyeyaasha u dhow gacanqabsi.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
Dhowr nooc oo kala duwan oo otomaatig ah oo loogu talagalay kicinta xajinta ayaa la isticmaalay sanadihii la soo dhaafay, laga bilaabo Haydarooliga, pneumatic, iyo koronto-mechanical xajin ilaa faakuum ku shaqeeya,[18] electromagnetic, iyo xataa xajin centrifugal. Isku xirka dareeraha (inta badan iyo kuwii hore loo isticmaali jiray gudbinta tooska ah ee hore) ayaa sidoo kale ay adeegsadeen soosaarayaal kala duwan, oo ay weheliyaan nooc ka mid ah qalabka isku xidhka farsamada, si looga ilaaliyo in gaadhigu istaago marka uu istaago ama marka uu yimaado shaqo la'aan.
Naqshad gudbinta semi-automatic-ka caadiga ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku shaqeyso iyadoo la isticmaalayo Dareemayaasha saamaynta Hall ama furayaasha yaryar si loo ogaado jihada wareejinta la codsaday marka usha marsha la isticmaalo. Wax-soo-saarka dareemayaasha, oo ay weheliso wax-soo-saarka dareemaha ku xidhan gearbox kaas oo cabbiraya xawaarihiisa iyo qalabkiisa hadda, waxa lagu quudiyaa a unugga xakamaynta gudbinta, Qaybta kontoroolka elegtarooniga ah, unugga kantaroolka matoorka, ama Microprocessor,[19][20] ama nooc kale oo ka mid ah nidaamka xakamaynta elegtarooniga ah. Nidaamkan xakamaynta ayaa markaa go'aaminaya wakhtiga ugu fiican iyo qulqulka loo baahan yahay ka-qaybgalka xajinta siman.
Cutubka kantaroolka elegtarooniga ah waxa uu awood u yeeshaa firfircoone, kaas oo hawlgeliya oo ka fujiya xajinta si siman. Xaaladaha qaarkood, xajinta waxaa dhaqaajiya a servomotor ku lamaan habayn marsho a actuator toosan, kaas oo, iyada oo loo marayo a dhululubo hydraulic ka buuxsamay dareere hydraulic ka habka bareegga, ka saara xajinta. Xaalado kale, jileeyaha xajinta gudaha ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si buuxda koronto u yahay, halkaas oo jileeyaha ugu weyn uu ku shaqeeyo matoor koronto ama solenoid, ama xitaa pneumatic, halkaas oo jileeyaha ugu weyn ee xajinta uu yahay a firfircoone sambabada taas oo meesha ka saaraysa xajinta.
Nidaam gacanta oo aan xajin lahayn, oo lagu magacaabo Autostick, waxa uu ahaa gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah ee uu soo bandhigay Volkswagen ee sannadkii 1968-kii. Loo suuq geeyey sida Volkswagen oo toos ah stickshift, Gudbinta buug-gacmeedka saddex-xawaaraha caadiga ah ayaa lagu xidhay nidaamka xajinta toosan ee ku shaqeeya faakuumka. Dusha sare ee usha marshadu waxay u qaabaysay inay niyad jabiso oo ay dhaqaajiso furaha korantada, ie marka uu taabto gacanta dirawalka. Markii la riixo, shilku wuxuu ku shaqaynayay 12-volt solenoid, kaas oo isna ku shaqaynayay vacuum clutch actuator, sidaas awgeed meesha ka saaray xajinta oo u ogolaatay in loo kala wareejiyo gears. Marka gacanta darawalka laga saaro qalabka wax lagu shido, xajintu si toos ah ayay dib ugu hawlgeli doontaa. Gudbinta waxa kale oo lagu rakibay qalab beddele, taas oo u oggolaanaysa baabuurka in uu ku shaqaysto qalabka sida otomaatiga ah, iyo sidoo kale in uu istaago oo ka bilaabo joogsiga qalab kasta.[21][22][23]
Laga bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1990-meeyadii, shirkadaha baabuurta sameeya waxay soo bandhigeen waxa hadda loo yaqaan a gudbinta gacanta si toos ah (AMT), kaas oo si farsamaysan la mid ah, oo xididadiisa ku leh, hababka gudbinta gacanta ee hore ee aan xajin. AMT-gu waxa uu u shaqeeyaa si la mid ah gudbinta gacanta ee nus-otomaatigga ah ee duugga ah, laakiin marka laga reebo laba; Waxay awood u leedahay in ay labadaba ku shaqeyso xajinta oo si toos ah u beddesho, mana isticmaasho beddelka qulqulka. Bedelka si toos ah ayaa loo sameeyaa a unugga xakamaynta gudbinta (TCU), ama gacanta laga soo qaado buro-wareejinta ama bacaha shift ee ku rakiban isteerinka gadaashiisa. AMT-yadu waxay isku daraan waxtarka shidaalka ee gudbinta gacanta iyo fududaynta wareejinta tooska ah. Khasaaraha ugu weyni waa raaxo beddelasho liidata oo ay ugu wacan tahay xajinta farsamada ee TCU, kaas oo si fudud loogu arki karo "jolting".[xigasho loo baahan yahay] Sameeyayaasha gudbinta qaarkood ayaa isku dayay in ay xaliyaan arrintan iyaga oo isticmaalaya giraangiraha synchronizer-ka weyn oo aan si buuxda u furin xajinta inta lagu jiro isbeddelka-kaas oo ka shaqeeya aragti, laakiin laga bilaabo 2007, ma jiraan wax baabuur ah oo taxane ah oo leh hawlahan.[u baahan update] Baabuurta rakaabka ah, AMT-yada casriga ahi waxay guud ahaan leeyihiin lix xawli (inkasta oo qaar ay leeyihiin todoba) iyo qalab aad u dheer. Marka lagu daro barnaamijka is-beddelka smart, tani waxay si weyn u dhimi kartaa isticmaalka shidaalka. Guud ahaan, waxaa jira laba nooc oo AMT-yada ah: AMT-yada la isku daray iyo AMT-yada lagu daro. AMT-yada la isku daray waxaa loogu talagalay inay noqdaan AMT-yada, halka ku-darka AMT-yada ay yihiin beddelka gudbinta buug-gacmeedka caadiga ah AMT-yada.[xigasho loo baahan yahay]
Gudbinta buug-gacmeedka otomaatiga ah waxaa ku jiri kara hab si toos ah otomaatig ah u socda halkaas oo darawalku uusan u baahnayn inuu beddelo marshadaha gabi ahaanba.[24] Gudbintan waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa inay tahay gudbinta buug-gacmeedka caadiga ah oo leh xajin otomaatig ah iyo koontaroolka wareejinta marshada, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inay u shaqeeyaan si la mid ah gudbinta tooska ah ee dhaqameed. TCU waxay si toos ah u beddeshaa gears haddii, tusaale ahaan, matoorku yahay dib loo dhigay. AMT-da waxa loo rogi karaa hab gacan-qabsi la'aan ah oo qofku kor u qaadi karo ama hoos u dhigi karo isagoo isticmaalaya konsole-ku-xiran doorasha shift ama shifters paddle.[25] Waxay leedahay qiimo ka hooseeya gudbinta tooska ah ee caadiga ah.[26]
Buug-gudbinta tooska ah (magacyada ganacsiga waxaa ka mid ah SMG-III) ma aha in lagu qaldo gudbinta tooska ah ee "manumatic" (oo lagu suuq geeyo magacyo ganacsi sida Tiptronic, Isteetronic, Ciyaartooyiyo Geartronic). In kasta oo nidaamyadani ay u muuqdaan kuwo si hoose isku mid ah, manumatic-ku wuxuu isticmaalaa beddelaha qulqulka sida gudbinta tooska ah, beddelka xajinta loo isticmaalo gudbinta tooska ah ee gacanta. Buug-gacmeedka otomaatiga ah ayaa siin kara darawalka inuu si buuxda u xakameeyo xulashada qalabka, halka manumatic-ku uu diidi doono codsiga beddelka qalabka taasoo keeni karta in mishiinka istaago (laga bilaabo wax aad u yar RPM) ama dib u soo kabashada. [24] Habka tooska ah ee gudbinta buug-gacmeedka otomaatiga ah ee xawaaraha bilowga joogsiga hooseeya ama joogtada ah waa ka siman yahay kan maacuunta iyo gudbinta kale ee tooska ah.
Dhawr jeermis-otomaatig ah oo ay isticmaalaan mootooyinka iyo baabuurta tartanka ayaa dhab ahaantii si farsamaysan ku salaysan gudbinta buug-gacmeedka ee isdaba jooga ah. Gudbinta mootada nus-otomaatigga ah waxay guud ahaan ka tagtaa kabaalka xajinta, laakiin way sii haysataa kabaalka caadiga ah ee ciribta iyo lugaha.
Gudbinta mootada Semi-otomaatigga ah waxay ku salaysan tahay gudbinta buug-gacmeedka ee caadiga ah waxayna caadi ahaan isticmaalaan a xajin centrifugal.[34] Xawaaraha aan shaqaynayn, mishiinku waxa uu ka go'ayaa sanduuqa wax gelinta ee gearbox, taas oo u ogolaanaysa isaga iyo baaskiilkuba in ay freewheel, ka duwan kan beddelka torque automatics, ma jiro gurguurta aan shaqayn oo leh xajin centrifugal ah oo si habboon loo hagaajiyay. Marka uu xawliga matoorku kor u kaco, miisaanka counter-weights ee ku jira golaha xajinta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u sii jeeda dibadda ilaa ay bilaabaan inay la xiriiraan gudaha guriga bannaanka oo ay gudbiyaan qadar sii kordheysa ee awoodda mishiinka iyo qulqulka. "barta qaniinyada" ama "barta qaniinyada" ee waxtarka leh[35] waxaa si toos ah loogu helaa dheellitirnaan, halkaasoo awoodda lagu kala qaado xajinta (wali-siibanaysa) waxay la mid tahay waxa matoorku bixin karo. Tani waxay u ogolaanaysaa in xad-dhaaf degdeg ah ceejinta buuxa qaadista (iyada oo xajintu la hagaajiyay si mishiinku u joogo wareegtada ugu sarreysa) iyada oo aan mishiinku hoos u dhicin ama aan hoos loo dhigin, iyo sidoo kale bilawga dabacsanaanta iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa xawaaraha hooseeya ee ceejinta hoose iyo RPM-yada
Sannadkii 1901-dii, Amédée Bollée waxa la sameeyay hab lagu badalo gears oo aan u baahnayn isticmaalka xajin waxaana lagu dhaqaajiyay giraan ku rakiban isteerinka dhexdeeda.[36] Hal baabuur oo nidaamkan isticmaalayey wuxuu ahaa 1912kii Bollee Nooca F Torpedo.
Kahor inta aan la gaarin gudbintii ugu horeysay ee ay soo saarto haydarooliga (the General Motors Hydra-Matic) sannadkii 1940-kii, dhowr shirkadood oo Maraykan ah ayaa soo bandhigay qalabyo kala duwan si ay u yareeyaan qadarka xajinta ama beddelka gelinta loo baahan yahay.[37] Qalabkan ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu yareeyo dhibaatada ka shaqeynta gudbinta buug-gacmeedka ee aan la jaanqaadin, ama "sanduuqa shilalka", ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaali jiray, gaar ahaan marka la bilaabayo baabuurka.
Talaabadii hore ee gudbinta tooska ah waxay ahayd 1933-1935 LUQADDA Is-beddelka,[38][39][40][41] Kaas oo si toos ah ugu kala wareegay laba gears oo hore u ah qaabka "horumarka" (ama inta u dhaxaysa laba saamiyo marsho gaaban oo ah qaabka "xaalad degdeg ah oo hooseeya"). Joogsiga bilawga wuxuu u baahan yahay darawalku inuu isticmaalo badhka xajinta. Is-Shifter-ka markii ugu horreysay wuxuu soo muuqday Maajo 1933 waxaana loo soo bandhigay sidii caadiga ahayd Royale iyo ikhtiyaar ahaan Flying Cloud S-4.[42]
In 1937, afar-xawaaraha Oldsmobile Gudbinta Badbaadada Tooska ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay goobta Oldsmobile Lix iyo moodooyinka Oldsmobile Sideed.[38] Waxay adeegsatay qalab meere ah oo leh badar xajin ah si looga bilaabo joogsiga iyo u kala beddelashada inta u dhaxaysa "hooseeya" iyo "sare".[43][44][45] Gudbinta Badbaadada Tooska ah waxaa lagu bedelay Hydra-Matic-ga si buuxda u toosan ee sanadka moodeelka ee 1940.[46][47]
1938-1939kii Buick Special waxaa lagu heli karaa gudbinta kale ee Self-Shifter 4-xawaaraha nus toos ah,[48][49][50] kaas oo isticmaalay gacanta gacanta laga bilaabo istaagga iyo xajin toos ah oo loogu talagalay isbeddelada qalabka.
1941kii Chrysler M4 Vacamatic gudbintu waxa ay ahayd gudbinta buug-gacmeedka laba-xawaaraha badan leh oo leh unug underdrive-ku-dhaxe ah, gacan-qabsi dhaqameed, iyo isku-xidhka dareeraha ee u dhexeeya mishiinka iyo xajinta.[51][52][53] Gudbinta labada-xawaaraha waxay lahayd "sare" iyo "hooseeya", waxaana la isticmaalay xajinta markii darawalku rabo inuu u kala beddelo kala duwanaanta. Wadista caadiga ah, darawalku waxa uu riixi doonaa xajinta, dooro kala duwanaanshaha sare, ka dibna sii daayo xajinta. Marka xawaaraha la riixo, isku-xidhka dareeraha ayaa is qabsan doona oo baabuurka ayaa bilaabi doona inuu hore u socdo, iyada oo qaybta wadista hoose ay ku hawlan tahay inay bixiso saamiga marsho hoose. Inta u dhaxaysa 15–20 mph (24–32 km/h), dareewalku waxa uu ka qaadayaa dardargeliyaha oo qaybta wadista hoostu way ka baxaysaa. Vacamatic-kii waxaa lagu beddelay mid la mid ah M6 Presto-Matic gudbinta ee sanadka model 1946.
Naqshado la mid ah ayaa loo isticmaalay 1941-1950 Hudson Drive-Master[54][55] iyo 1942-kii oo aan la soo koobi karin Lincoln Liquimatic[56][57] Labadan ayaa isku darsaday 3-xawaaraha gudbinta gacanta iyada oo si toos ah loo beddelayo inta u dhaxaysa gears 2aad iyo 3aad, halkii laga isticmaali lahaa qaybta "underdrive" ee Vacamatic.
Packard Electro-Matic, oo la soo bandhigay 1941kii Packard Clipper iyo Packard 180, waxa uu ahaa gudbinta buug-gacmeed hore oo bilaa xajin ah oo adeegsatay xajin dhaqameed oo leh hawlgal faakuum oo toos ah, kaas oo ay gacanta ku haysay booska xawaaraha.
The alaabta baabuurta nidaamka gacanta, oo la heli karo 1953 Ford Anglia 100E, waxa uu ahaa nidaam xajin toos ah oo ku shaqeeya faakuumka kaas oo lagu dhaqaajiyay furaha oo kiciya mar kasta oo usha marshadu dhaqaaqdo. Nidaamku wuxuu xakameyn karaa fiilada ceejinta (si uu matoorku ugu sii hayo RPM-ka loo baahan yahay ee beddelka qalabka) oo wuxuu beddelaa heerka ka-qaybgalka xajinta.[58] Nidaamkii Newtondrive ee is-xigay, ee laga heli jiray 1957-1958 Ford Anglia, waxa kale oo uu lahaa bixinta ceejin xakamayn. Alaab la mid ah waxay ahayd Jarmal Saxomat Nidaamka xajinta tooska ah, kaas oo la soo bandhigay bartamihii 1950-meeyadii oo laga heli karo baabuurta kala duwan ee Yurub.[59]
The Citroën DS, oo la soo bandhigay 1955, ayaa isticmaalay a nidaamka hydraulic oo leh hawo-qaade ku shaqeeya kontoroolka xawaaraha iyo qalab kor u qaadida xawaaraha aan shaqayn si loo doorto geerka oo uu ku shaqeeyo xajinta kale ee caadiga ah. Tani waxay ogolaatay in si xajin la'aan ah loogu beddelo hal tiir-ku-xidhan doore, halka darawalku isku mar ka qaaday xawaaraha si uu u beddelo qalabka. Nidaamkan waxa lagu naanaysi jiray "Citro-Matic" gudaha Maraykanka
Sannadkii 1962-kii, Matoorada Maraykanka wuxuu soo bandhigay E-Stick, kaas oo meesha ka saaray badelada xajinta ee ku jira Rambler American oo leh gudbinta gacanta ee saddex-xawaaraha caadiga ah.[60] Xakamayntan tooska ah waxay u isticmaashay cadaadiska saliidda injiin ahaan il biyo ah waxaana la heli karaa wax ka yar $60.[61] Marka la barbar dhigo gudbinta tooska ah ee wakhtiga, E-Stick waxay bixisay dhaqaalaha shidaalka ee isbeddelka ul, oo leh faakuum iyo furayaasha korantada ee xakameynaya xajinta. E-Stick gudbinta saddex-xawaaraha ah ayaa lagu bixiyay kan weyn Rambler Classic moodooyinka, oo ay la socdaan unug ka badan darawalnimada.[62] Nidaamku waxa kaliya oo lagu heli karaa matoorada 6-dhululubo, iyo la'aanta la'aanta waxay caddaatay inaan la jeclayn, sidaas darteed waxaa la joojiyay 1964 ka dib.[63]
1967kii Volkswagen WSK (gudbinta xajin Converter; Ingiriis: Beddelaha Torque Shift/Kultch gearbox), loo isticmaalo Beetle, Nooca 3 iyo Karmann Ghia, waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah sanduuqyada gear-ka ee ugu horreeya ee noociisa ah, oo leh qalab si toos ah u qabsanaya iyo beddelka qulqulka. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaanay Autostick Shifting waxa gacanta ku sameeyay darawalku. Xajinta makaanikada oo toos ah ayaa u ogolaatay baabuurka inuu ka dardargeliyo joogsiga, halka beddelaha qulqulka uu awood u siiyay inuu ku sameeyo qalab kasta. Burburinta gariirada matoorka iyo bixinta isku dhufashada torque, waxay u shaqeysay sidii nooc ka mid ah "sanduuqa gearbox", sidaa darteed sanduuqa gear-ga farsamada dhabta ah wuxuu kaliya u baahday seddex marsho oo hore ah (taasi waa sababta gudbinta tooska ah ee caadiga ah ee beddelayaasha torque sida caadiga ah ay u leeyihiin geear ka yar kuwa gudbinta gacanta). WSK ma lahayn qalab "ugu horreeya"; Halkii, marsho kowaad waxa loo rogey gear rogaal celis ah, marsho labaadna waxa la calaamadeeyey marka hore (iyada oo marshadi saddexaad iyo afraad siday u kala horreeyaan loo kala calaamadiyey labaad iyo saddexaad).[64]
The Chevrolet Torque-Drive gudbinta, oo la soo bandhigay 1968-kii Chevrolet Nova iyo Camaro, waa mid ka mid ah tusaalooyin dhowr ah oo gudbinta semi-otomaatigga ah ay ku saleysan tahay gudbinta hawo-mareenka caadiga ah (halkii laga heli lahaa gudbinta gacanta ee caadiga ah). Torque-Drive asal ahaan wuxuu ahaa 2-xawaaraha Powerglide gudbinta tooska ah iyada oo aan lahayn modulator-ka faakuumka, isaga oo u baahan dirawalka in uu gacanta u kala wareejiyo gears inta u dhaxaysa "Low" iyo "High". Tilmaamaha afar-geesoodka ah ee baabuurta Torque-Drive wuxuu ahaa "Park-RN-Hi-1st". Darawalku wuxuu baabuurka ku bilaabi lahaa "1aad," ka dibna kabaalka u dhaqaaji "Hi" markii la rabo. Torque-Drive ayaa la joojiyay dhamaadkii 1971 waxaana lagu bedelay gudbinta hadhaaga-dhaqameedka. Tusaalooyinka kale ee gudbinta semi-otomatiga ah ee ku saleysan otomaatigyada hayrooliga waxay ahaayeen Ford 3-xawaaraha Semi-Automatic Gudbinta oo la isticmaalay 1970-1971 Ford Maverick, noocyadii hore ee Honda's 1972-1988 Hondamatic 2-xawaaraha iyo 3-xawaaraha gudbinta, iyo Daihatsu Gudbinta 2-xawaaraha diomatik ah ee la isticmaalay 1985-1991 Daihatsu Charade.