Activated kabhoni, inozivikanwawo sekuti activated charcoal, chinhu chakasiyana-siyana uye chakakosha chinhu chinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana nekuda kwezvimiro zvayo. Inogadzirwa nekudziya zvinhu zvekabhoni, sehuni, marasha, kana coconut shells, pakupisa kwakanyanya pasina mhepo. Iyi nzira inogadzira network ye pores uye nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro, ichipa activated carbon zvimiro zvayo zvakasiyana.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zve activated carbon ndiko kukura kwayo kwemesopores, ayo ari pores ane dhayamita pakati pe2 ne50 nanometers. Aya mesopores anowedzera zvakanyanya simba rekushambadza kwechinhu, ichichibvumira kuti inyatso kubata tsvina uye zvinosvibisa kubva kune ese magasi uye zvinwiwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti activated kabhoni ive chinhu chakakosha mukucheneswa kwekugezwa kwetsvina yemumaguta, mvura yekunwa, uye maindasitiri emarara emarara.

Pamusoro peiyo mesoporous chimiro, activated kabhoni ine yakakwira mechaniki simba, ichiigonesa kumirisana nezvinodiwa zvemuviri zveakasiyana maapplication. Uku kusimba kunovimbisa kuti inogona kushandiswa mukusefa uye yekuchenesa masisitimu pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda kwayo nekufamba kwenguva.

Uyezve, activated kabhoni inozivikanwa nekusimba kwayo adsorption, inova mhedzisiro yenzvimbo yayo yakakura uye ine porous chimiro. Uku kugona kwekushambadza kunoibvumira kukwezva nekuchengetedza huwandu hwakasiyana hwehutsvina, hunosanganisira organic compounds, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, uye kumwe kusvibiswa kunowanzo kuwanikwa mumvura nemhepo.

Uyezve, activated kabhoni inzvimbo inogona kudzokororwa, sezvo inogona kuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa zvakare kuburikidza nemaitiro senge thermal reactivation kana kemikari patsva. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakagadzikana mhinduro yekucheneswa uye kugadzirisa maitiro, kuderedza iyo yakazara nharaunda kukanganisa kwemarara manejimendi uye maitiro ekurapa.

Pakazere, iyo yakasarudzika musanganiswa wemesopores, yakakwira mechini simba, yakasimba adsorption kugona, uye kuvandudzwa kunoita activated kabhoni chinhu chakakosha kugadzirisa kusvibiswa uye kusvibiswa matambudziko mumadhorobha nemaindasitiri. Kuita kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kushanda kwayo mukubvisa tsvina netsvina kubva kugasi nehova dzemvura kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvirongwa zvehutano hweveruzhinji pasi rese.