activated carbon, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti activated makala, ndi chinthu chosunthika komanso chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera. Amapangidwa ndi kutenthetsa zinthu za carbon, monga nkhuni, malasha, kapena zipolopolo za kokonati, pa kutentha kwakukulu popanda mpweya. Izi zimapanga maukonde a pores ndi malo okwera pamwamba, kupatsa mpweya wopangidwa ndi mpweya wake wapadera.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri adamulowetsa mpweya ndi chitukuko cha mesopores, amene pores ndi awiri pakati pa 2 ndi 50 nanometers. Ma mesopores awa amathandizira kwambiri kutsatsa kwazinthuzo, kulola kuti igwire bwino zonyansa ndi zoipitsa kuchokera ku mpweya ndi zakumwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wa activated ukhale gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyeretsa pochotsa zimbudzi zamatawuni, madzi akumwa, komanso kuthira madzi otayira m'mafakitale.

Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kake ka mesoporous, kaboni wokhazikitsidwa amakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, zomwe zimamupangitsa kupirira zofuna zakuthupi zamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Kukhalitsa kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti kungagwiritsidwe ntchito muzosefera ndi kuyeretsa popanda kutaya mphamvu yake pakapita nthawi.

Kuphatikiza apo, activated carbon imadziwika chifukwa champhamvu yake yotsatsa, yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha malo ake akuluakulu komanso mawonekedwe ake opindika kwambiri. Kuthekera kwa adsorption kumeneku kumathandizira kukopa ndikusunga zonyansa zambiri, kuphatikiza ma organic compounds, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, ndi zonyansa zina zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi ndi mpweya.

Komanso, activated carbon ndi gwero zongowonjezwdwa, chifukwa akhoza kupangidwanso ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kudzera njira monga matenthedwe reactivation kapena mankhwala regeneration. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala yankho lokhazikika la njira zoyeretsera ndi kukonzanso, kuchepetsa chilengedwe chonse cha kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala ndi machitidwe ochiritsira.

Ponseponse, kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa ma mesopores, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kutsatsa kwamphamvu, komanso kusinthikanso kumapangitsa kaboni wokhala ndi activated kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi zovuta zakuipitsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa m'matauni ndi mafakitale. Kusinthasintha kwake komanso kuchita bwino pochotsa zodetsa ndi zoipitsa kuchokera ku gasi ndi mitsinje yamadzimadzi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso ntchito zaumoyo wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.