Pakati pa gudumu la injini ya dizilo yagalimoto ndi kumwazikana kwa mphira wowonongeka pamsewu, pali mzere wautali wa zigawo zomwe zimasamutsa, kuwongolera, kugawa, ndi kuchulukitsa torque yomwe imapatsa galimoto moyo wake.

Pakati pa ndondomekoyi ndi kufala. Poganizira kusinthasintha kochepa kwa dizilo yayikulu, komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa liwiro lomwe mapulogalamu ambiri amafunikira, ntchito yayikulu yotumizira ndikusunga injini kuti igwire bwino ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.

Koma matekinoloje omwe amathandizira kutumiza amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndi matekinoloje osiyanasiyana omwe amakopa magawo osiyanasiyana amsika.

Monga kale, miyambo ndi zochitika zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusankha kwamakasitomala ndipo tsopano, kuposa kale lonse, malingaliro oyendetsa amakhudza kwambiri zomwe zasankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa galimoto amene akuvutika kupeza madalaivala omwe ali odziwa bwino komanso odziwa kuyendetsa galimoto yolemekezeka komanso yomwe nthawi zambiri imateteza zipolopolo ya Eaton Roadranger 18-speed constant-mesh gearbox angasankhe chinthu chomwe sichifuna chopondapo.

Chisankho chotsatira chidzakhala chosankha pakati pa buku lodzipangira, lomwe limakhalabe ndi clutch ndi mbale yoponderezedwa kotero kuti malo ophwanyika amatha kuvala, kapena kupatsirana kokwanira komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito chophatikizira chamadzimadzi kapena chosinthira torque.

Nayi kuyang'ana mwachangu pamitundu yama transmission yomwe ilipo…

>> SYNCHROMESH MANKHWALA
Opanga ambiri amapangira ma transmissions awo mgululi. Tekinolojeyi imatsimikiziridwa, imatumizidwa kunja mosavuta kudutsa malire onse amakampani ndi malo, ndipo imafuna maphunziro ocheperako oyendetsa galimoto ndi ndalama zochepa. Sikophweka, komabe, kusintha kapena kusintha ma ratioti kuti agwirizane ndi ntchitoyo. Wopanga amatha kukonza izi ndi malingaliro angapo amomwe mtundu wagalimotoyo udzagwiritsire ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito synchromesh kupanga ma gearbox mesh magiya amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma torque a ma gearbox awa, kotero kulemera kwa bokosi la synchro 'sambiri sikudutsa ntchito yapakatikati.

>> CONSTANT-MESH MANUAL
Pa zotumiza zonse, izi ndizovuta kwambiri kuzidziwa. Idapangidwa ndi torque yayikulu, mikhalidwe yoipitsitsa, ndipo ikadali yofunika kwambiri ku Australia pamasitima apamsewu ndi mapulogalamu ena ophatikizika akutali. Eaton ndi yomwe ingasankhe pagululi, ndipo lever ya giya ya H-pattern yotalikirapo 18 yokhala ndi mabatani olunjika/opitilira muyeso komanso osintha mayendedwe amayikidwa chizindikiro pa chidziwitso cha madalaivala masauzande ambiri m'dziko lonselo. Wogwiritsa ntchito bwino amatha kuyimitsa torque komanso buku lililonse lodzipangira okha, koma ndi luso lomwe limatha kuchita zambiri (nthawi zina zodula).

>> ZOCHITA ZONSE (NDIKO NDI KAPENA POPANDA CLUCH PEDAL)
Scania ankakonda kupereka buku lake lodziyimira pawokha pamaseti awiri kapena atatu. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake. Ngati mutenga kompyuta kuti isamalire zowalira, bwanji osalola kuti izigwira ntchito yake kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto? Koma ndinauzidwa kuti zombo zina zimakonda kuti madalaivala awo agwiritse ntchito clutch poyambira ndipo zikuwoneka kuti ndizodziwika kwambiri m'magulu a ntchito.

AMT palokha tsopano ndi dongosolo lotsimikiziridwa koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa liwiro la kusintha. AMT imodzi yaku Japan yomwe fakitale imaumirira kuti idzimanga yokha ndiyochedwa kwambiri pakati pa magiya mutha kupanga khofi mukuyembekezera. Mmodzi mwa anthu aku Sweden ndi wabwino kwambiri pa izi ndipo kusintha kofulumira kumapangitsa kuti kusokoneza kwa torque kuchepe.

Fuso ili ndi zopindika pamutuwu - Duonic AMT yake ili ndi zolumikizira ziwiri, kotero 'bokosilo limasankhira giya lotsatira pamene mukufulumizitsa. Pagalimoto yanga yoyamba ndidakokedwa mkati mwa 100 metres. Pakhala pali zovuta zina zodalirika zomwe fakitale yathana nazo, koma makamaka ndi bokosi lopepuka la Canter. Simungathe kuzipeza mumitundu yapakati kapena yolemetsa.

Mwaukadaulo, AMT ndi dimba lokhala ndi ma mesh gearbox omwe ali ndi makina olumikizirana okha omwe amawongoleredwa ndikulumikizidwa. Izi zimabweretsa kudalirika komanso kumasuka kwa ntchito, bola mutakhala ndi zowunikira zowongolera zosintha. Koma zikutanthawuzanso kuti ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri (yochokera ku Europe ndi US, ndiye kuti), mutha kusintha mawonekedwe osinthira, rev range ndi nthawi mu gear kuti zigwirizane ndi pulogalamuyi.

Mwachitsanzo, pagalimoto yanga yoyamba ya Hino 700 yokhala ndi ZF AMT, zidawonekeratu kuti palibe amene adayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a injini. Idatsitsimutsanso mtedza wake, kotero ndidasinthira kumayendedwe apamanja, ndikuyika injini yayikulu ya Hino mpaka 1050rpm ndisanasinthe, ndidagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa komanso kusangalala ndi kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono. Pobwerera ku Mount Ousley, kumpoto kwa Wollongong, sindinachedwepo ndi magalimoto omwe ankadalira makompyuta.

>> FULL ATOMATIC
Mayeso omwe ndimawakonda kwambiri amagalimoto amachitikira ku US zaka zingapo zapitazo. Panjira yoyeserera yotseka, magalimoto awiri ofanana adakokedwa pamakalavani okhala ndi zolemera zomwezo. Mmodzi anali ndi Allison auto 'bokosi, ndipo winayo Eaton Roadranger 18-speed manual.

Galimotoyo inkayendetsedwa ndi wophunzira wapakoleji ndipo bukuli linkayendetsedwa ndi katswiri woyendetsa galimoto. Mpikisano wokwera phiri lotsetsereka unawona wophunzirayo akupambana kwambiri. Ndiyeno, pambuyo pa mpikisanowo, kunavumbulidwa kuti wophunzirayo anali ndi mphamvu zochepera 75 za akavalo!

Chinali fanizo labwino kwambiri la kusiyana komwe kumapanga torque yosasweka, ndipo mutha kungopeza izi ndi makina odziwikiratu. Bokosi la Allison limagwiritsa ntchito liwiro la msewu, torque yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuthamanga kwa liwiro ndi mbali yolowera kuti iwerengere kulemera kwa chipangizocho. Kenako imayendetsa mapu osinthira moyenerera.

Bokosi la 'bokosi limatanthauzanso kuyenda bwino mumsewu. Pakalipano, zodziwikiratu zonse sizikuwoneka m'mapulogalamu apamtunda kapena pamasitima apamsewu. Pali zochitika zina zomwe zikuchitika, koma musagwire mpweya wanu.

Matippers, oyendetsa konkire ndi ma pumpers, magalimoto otaya zinyalala ndi mayunitsi operekera metro ndi komwe mungapeze kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magalimoto odzaza, nthawi zina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madalaivala okwera komanso mwayi wochotsa zosinthira zodula komanso zokhazikika.

>> HYBRID AUTOMATED NANUAL NDI TOQUE CONVERTER
Mercedes-Benz ili ndi chingwe chapadera ku uta wake m'bwalo lotumizira. Actros SLT ndi galimoto yolemera kwambiri yokhala ndi mbiri ya Actros komanso mkati mwa Actros koma zovala zamkati zatsopano. Kuyendetsa pa SLT kumadutsa mu Powershift AMT koma pokhapokha mutadutsa chosinthira makokedwe koyamba.

Ubwino wake ndi wofunikira kwambiri pantchito yonyamula katundu wolemetsa kuposa ina iliyonse, pomwe kuyimirira kolemera kwambiri kumayamba kuyesa ngakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera. Pa ma AMTs wamba, mukasankha kuyendetsa giya yoyambira imagwira ntchito ndipo ngakhale popanda chiwopsezo chilichonse mudzapita patsogolo pomwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito. Koma kanikizani batani la D pa SLT ndipo simukupita kulikonse. Imalowetsa giya koma chosinthira ma torque sichikusintha ma torque aliwonse.

Pokhapokha mukanikiza phokosolo ndipamene makina osinthira ma torque amatha kufalikira. Chifukwa chake clutch imalumikizidwa kwathunthu ndipo kulumikizana kwamadzimadzi kumayendetsa zoterera zonse. Ndi njira yolemetsa chifukwa mumakhala ndi ma transmissions awiri pamzere, koma pa ntchito yolemetsa tare kulemera sizomwe zimafunikira. Ma SLT amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi m'magulu akuluakulu onyamula katundu.

Kutumiza Magalimoto Amalonda

AKAZINDIKI OPANGA
Kupatula mafakitale omwe amapanga ndikudzipangira okha ma transmissions, pali akatswiri opanga ma gearbox omwe amapereka zinthu zawo kufakitale komanso atagulitsa koyamba.

>> EATON
The hard-as-nails Roadranger manual transmission imadziwika kuti ndi njira yotumizira zombo zambiri. Koma Eaton sananyalanyaze zomwe zikuchitika m'makampani ambiri kuti achepetse dalaivala kuti agwiritse ntchito zowalira, motero Ultrashift ndi UltraShift Plus zidayambitsidwa. Kwenikweni ndi Roadranger yokhala ndi hydraulic clutch yomwe imayendetsedwa pakompyuta, kotero mtengo wa chitukuko wakhala makamaka wanzeru. Ngakhale zili choncho, mutachokapo, ma hotshots amachoka kukwawa kupita kumayendedwe apamsewu popanda kukhudza clutch.

>> ZF
Kampani yaku Germany iyi imapanga mitundu yambiri ndi masinthidwe a ma gearbox ndi ma axles, ndipo imadziwika kwambiri ndi omanga aku Europe. Tsopano imagulitsa zodziwikiratu kuti ipikisane ndi Allison komanso imasangalala ndi chithandizo chofala kuchokera ku asitikali ankhondo a NATO pakupereka kwawo komanso zofunikira zoyendera ankhondo.

Mapangidwe ake a TraXon modular ndi mpainiya. Ndi magiya okhala ndi clutch, dual clutch, hybrid kapena torque converter modules kutsogolo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumatsimikizira kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri koma ndi gawo lodziwika bwino, ndalama zimachepetsedwa.

>> AYI
Kampani ya Toyota, yomwe ili ndi gulu la Toyota, imapanga zotumizira zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zamagulu ndi omwe siagulu, komanso imaperekanso makampani ena aku Europe amagalimoto. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, mutha kugula galimoto ya Hino yokhala ndi Allison transmission, kotero Aisin sanagwiritsebe ntchito zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto a omanga.

>> ALLISON
Anali asitikali omwe adayambitsa chitukuko cha kufalitsa kwa Allison, ngakhale kampaniyo idapanganso komanso kupanga ma aero engines. M'malo mwake, mawu oyamba anga a Allison amafunikira makutu. Kukuwa kwa Allison turboprops anayi akufuula mozungulira katundu wa RAAF C130 Hercules ndi phokoso lokhazikika pamtima wanga wa Army Air Dispatch.

Boral ali ndi zifukwa ziwiri zoyika bokosi la Allison poyitanitsa magalimoto atsopano a konkire kapena miyala - 'zero downtime'. Kampaniyo imapereka magalimoto olemetsa kumakampani opanga zida zomanga ndi asitikali aku US, komanso amapereka magawo oyendetsera ntchito zina zam'madzi.

Bwana wogulitsa Allison ku Australia ndi Robert Cavagnino, bwana wa gulu la Top Fuel Dragster mu nthawi yake yopuma. Pakati pa kugawikana kwa khutu kwa injini za nitro pamsonkhano womaliza wa WA, adandiuza za kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto pakati pa opanga, motsogozedwa ndi zofuna za makasitomala.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti zomwe zikuchitika tsopano zakula kuchokera ku zofunikira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa dalaivala, kupita ku imodzi mwazochita bwino chifukwa cha momwe bokosi la auto limathandizira machitidwe a injini.

"Ndicho chifukwa chake pali vuto lomwe likukula ndi ma AMT," adatero.

"Mainjini aku Europe makamaka ndi masilinda otsika, okwera kwambiri omwe amafunikira chosinthira ma torque kuti apange ntchito yabwino."

PASI PANSEU
Pali zinthu zomwe zikuyandikira zomwe zidzakulitsa kusiyanasiyana kwaukadaulo wamagalimoto m'misewu ya Aussie. Onse a Allison ndi ZF amayang'ana ogwiritsa ntchito mtunda wautali omwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe zingasangalatse mapulogalamuwa.

Allison's TC10 TC10 twin-countershaft 10-speed automatic transmission ndi yosinthika mokwanira pamayendedwe onse amizinda ndi misewu yayikulu ndipo imapereka mamangidwe osakanikirana okhala ndi mphamvu zonse, chosinthira ma torque ndi kapangidwe ka bokosi lamapasa.

Kampaniyi yagwiritsa ntchito gulu la anthu ogwiritsa ntchito mayeso omwe apeza pafupifupi 5 peresenti yakusintha kwamafuta amafuta ndi TC10 poyerekeza ndi mitundu yawo yamakono komanso makina apamanja.

Ma gearbox adavotera mpaka 600hp ndi 2305Nm ya torque yokhala ndi liwiro la 10 kutsogolo ndi ziwiri zobwerera. Imabwera ndi zida zatsopano zowongolera zamagetsi za Allison, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chothetsera kusintha kosafunikira kwamafuta ndi zosefera, komanso magwiridwe antchito osintha osankhidwa.

Kukankhira kwatsopano kukutenga chitukuko chofalitsa m'magawo atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, ZF yapanga phukusi la Innovation Truck lomwe lili ndi mota yamagetsi ya 120kW yomangidwa molunjika munyumba ya mabelu a 12-speed transmission.

Sizimangogwira ntchito ngati retarder yomwe imabwezeretsa mphamvu, koma imakhala ndi luso lapamwamba pamene ikuphatikizidwa ndi ma servos owongolera, pulogalamu yovuta kwambiri yamapulogalamu ndi piritsi yapakompyuta. Mwachidule, dalaivala anafika pa depo n’kuyandikira pafupi ndi malo ojambulira katunduyo, akutuluka m’galimotomo, n’kukapereka tabuletiyo kwa ogwira ntchito pamalo olongedza katunduyo n’kulowa m’nyumba kuti akagone.

Kenako anthu a depot amagwiritsa ntchito tabuletiyo kubweza galimotoyo kuti ilowe m’bwalopo popanda injiniyo. Galimoto yamagetsi imayendetsa kayendetsedwe kake pamene injini ya dizilo imagonanso, ndipo pulogalamuyo imayang'anira chiwongolero.

Dongosololi likuwonetsedwa pa DAF XF ikukoka semi ndi ngolo ya nkhumba kumbuyo (onani chithunzi chotsogolera). Kufotokozera kawiri kumawoneka kuti sikuli vuto kwa woyendetsa galimotoyo, yemwe amawongolera galimotoyo ndi chala chimodzi akukoka chithunzi cha trailer pa piritsi kupita kumalo ofunikira. Nditha kuganiza za madalaivala angapo a B-double omwe amafunikira dongosolo ngati limenelo...

FUNSO LALIKULU: AUTO KAPENA MANUAL?
Funso lalikulu likhoza kuyankhidwa poyang'anitsitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi madalaivala. Buku, kaya clutch ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dalaivala kapena kompyuta, ili ndi malire omwe akukulitsidwa ndi kachitidwe kosaimitsidwa kamangidwe ka injini ndi mawonekedwe.

M'mawu a layman, zikuwoneka kuti mafunde a torque, omwe amakhala ngati ma pulse mukamachepetsa kuchuluka kwa masilindala ndikuchepetsa ma revs, amatha kukhazikitsa ma surges mkati mwa ma transmissions omwe amakulitsidwa panjira yoyendetsa pomwe alumikizidwa ndi kulumikizana kolimba, monga clutch. Zitha kupangitsa kuti ECM itanthauzire ma pulse ngati kulowetsedwa kwa dalaivala kuchokera ku throttle, kupangitsa injini kusaka, ngakhale paulendo wapamadzi.

Wopanga m'modzi wapamwamba kwambiri, yemwe mwina ali ndi AMT yabwino kwambiri pamsika momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, akuyang'ana kwambiri zodziwikiratu pakali pano chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa torque komwe kumadutsa ma AMTs ake.

Chitsanzo chinanso ndi Swede wamkulu, yemwe mutu wake wa 3500Nm V8 uli ndi torque yochepa ndi 200Nm kuyambira giya loyamba mpaka lachisanu ndi chinayi. Kupanga bokosi la AMT kuti ligwiritse ntchito torque yamtunduwu m'magiya otsika kungakhale ntchito yayikulu yaukadaulo. Chifukwa chake ngakhale mumalipira chowonjezera pamlingo waukulu wa torque, mumangopeza kuchokera pa giya 10 kupita. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wonyamula katundu wolemetsa samapeza ndalama zochulukirapo pamene akuzifuna kwambiri - poyendetsa boti la Manly Ferry mozungulira malo ogulitsa, mwachitsanzo.

Pamapeto pake, kuchulukitsa kwa torque kumachitika ndi giya yokhazikitsidwa mu AMTs koma ndi kuphatikizika kwamadzi mu galimoto, kuchepetsa kuvala kwa masitima apamtunda kwambiri.

Zamagetsi pa AMT zimatha kuchita zambiri, monga momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito zimakhala zovuta kulumikizana. Chifukwa chake ndikusintha komwe kuli koyang'ana ku ECM. Koma galimoto imatha kuwongolera kuyenda kwa torque pomwe giya ikugwira ntchito, kukulitsa torque ikafunika - nthawi zina osasintha zida - komanso kusunga torque nthawi zonse, ngakhale pakusintha giya.

Ntchito yapakati pa mayiko ikuyenera kukhala malo omaliza otumizira mauthenga amanja kapena AMT. Ndi mafupipafupi ocheperako akusintha, kulumikizana kolimba sikutaya chilichonse mwachangu kwa galimoto. Ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa mumafuta obwera chifukwa cha ma torque osasunthika pothamanga zimakhala zocheperako pamene lole igunda mumsewu waukulu ndipo ikuyenda mozungulira 30 peresenti ya torque yomwe ilipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.

Monga nthawi zonse, chitani ndalama zanu, ndikugula pamtengo wamoyo wonse. Zingatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa phindu labwino, kapena kutaya kopunduka.