Ukuze uphendule ngenkuthalo "ithagethi ye-double-carbon" ehlongozwa yizwe, izinkonzo ezihlukahlukene kanye namakhomishana akhiphe uchungechunge lwemibhalo yenqubomgomo yemboni yensimbi nensimbi, futhi aveza ngokucacile ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesithando somlilo esigcwele insimbi kagesi. inqubo kufanele iqondiswe ngendlela ehlelekile nenengqondo, futhi iqhubeke nokugqugquzela uguquko oluluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi yemboni yensimbi nensimbi. Kulo mongo, okokuqala, ngokusho kwedatha yokusetshenziswa kwamandla yezindawo zokuncibilikisa insimbi eyinsimbi kanye nokugingqika kokucubungula okubalwe e-China Energy Statistical Yearbook, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni eqondile, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni engaqondile kanye nokubanjwa kwekhabhoni yomkhiqizo okudalwe yimboni yensimbi yaseChina kusukela ngo-1991 kuya. I-2021 ibalwa ngokuningiliziwe, futhi i-CO yemboni yensimbi yaseChina ihlaziywa Isimo sokukhishwa; I-CO ebangelwa inqubo ende ejwayelekile kanye nenqubo emfushane yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza insimbi_.

Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kubalwa ukuhlola umehluko ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni yezinqubo ezimbili, ukulinganisa amandla okunciphisa i-carbon yenqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi, futhi kubonise ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okunengqondo nokuhlelekile kwenqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi kuyisiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa. yemboni yensimbi esikhathini esizayo. Kuhlanganiswe nesimo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi, ubunzima nezinselele ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo yesithando somlilo waseChina kuyahlelwa, futhi ngenxa yalezi zinkinga ezingenhla, ucwaningo lwenziwa ezicini ezintathu zokuvikeleka kwemithombo-amandla, ukuthuthukiswa. imodi kanye nesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe esidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi, futhi amasu okubhekana nawo anikezwa.

Ngokwesisekelo socwaningo olungenhla, imodeli yokuhlaziywa kwekhabhoni emibili yenqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi yaseChina yakhiwa, futhi umgwaqo wokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi wenqubo yesithando somlilo saseChina uthathwa emazingeni amabili enqubo nesikhathi ngokulandelana. Kutholakala ukuthi amandla okunciphisa i-carbon yenqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi kanye nenqubo yokugoqa insimbi inkulu kakhulu, ibalwa ku-40.7% kanye no-36.7% wamandla okunciphisa i-carbon kuyo yonke inqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephansi ohlelweni ngalunye, amandla okukhishwa kwekhabhoni yenqubo yesithando somlilo kulindeleke ukuthi ehle ngo-35.1% ngo-2030 ukusuka ku-2020,74.7% ngo-2040, futhi azuze ukuncibilika "eduze kuka-zero" 2050.

isandulela

Imboni yensimbi nensimbi iwubuchwepheshe, inhlokodolobha, izinsiza, imboni esebenzisa amandla kaningi, kodwa futhi iyimboni ebalulekile eyisisekelo emnothweni wezwe. Kusukela kwaba nezinguquko kanye nokuvuleka, imboni yensimbi nensimbi yaseShayina ibithuthuka ngokushesha. Kusukela ngo-1996, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe yaseChina kukleliswe kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka engama-27 ilandelana. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe yaseChina emhlabeni idlule ku-50%, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe ngo-2022 kuzofinyelela ku-1.013 billion t.

Imboni yensimbi nensimbi ifaka phakathi izimboni eziningi futhi inezinga eliphezulu lokuhlobana. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni komnotho kazwelonke, ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi, intela yezimali, ukwakhiwa kokuvikela izwe kanye nokuqashwa kwabantu okuzinzile. Iwuphawu olubalulekile lwezinga lomnotho kazwelonke namandla aphelele kazwelonke, futhi isekela ngempumelelo ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-GDP kazwelonke. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubo yokukhiqiza imboni yensimbi enkulu iye yabangela inani elikhulu le-CO₂Ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ngokwezinga elithile, kubhebhethekisa uchungechunge lwezinkinga zemvelo nezemvelo njengokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ephendula, engxoxweni jikelele yoMhlangano wama-75 we-UN General Assembly, uNobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping wethula inkulumo ebalulekile egameni leChina futhi waphakamisa i-CO yaseChina.₂Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuzolwela ukukhuphuka ngo-2030 futhi kulwele ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.

Ukusabela ngenkuthalo ekomitini eliphakathi leqembu, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkonzo ezihlukahlukene ziye zakhipha uhlelo lokuqaliswa kwe-carbon peak yezimboni ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwesiqondiso sekhwalithi yemboni yensimbi nensimbi kanye nochungechunge lwemibhalo yenqubomgomo, ebanzi yemboni yensimbi neyensimbi, ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe, okuluhlaza okotshani, okusimeme kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu kubeka phambili isiqondiso esicacile, esiqondisa ngokuhlelekile ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke inqubo yesithando somlilo sikagesi eyizinsimbi kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesizinda se-"carbon double", leli phepha lenza ucwaningo oluhlelekile mayelana nobunzima nezinselele zenqubo emfushane yokuthuthukiswa kwesithando somlilo kagesi e-China esikhathini esizayo, ukuphepha kwemithombo-energy edingekayo, imodeli yokuthuthukiswa, isakhiwo sobuchwepheshe kanye umgwaqo wokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi.

Fingqa

1) Ngenxa yesizinda esikhulu somlando sokukhiqiza insimbi engahluziwe yaseChina, imboni yensimbi ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Inqubo yokuguqula isithando somlilo iwuhlelo oluyinhloko lokukhiqiza insimbi eChina, ethatha amalahle njengendawo eyinhloko yamandla, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamalahle ngezinga elikhulu sekuphenduke iCO ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yensimbi neyensimbi yaseChina.₂umthombo wokuphuma. Ngokuphambene nalokho, inqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi enamandla njengoba isikhungo samandla esiyinhloko sinamandla amakhulu okunciphisa i-carbon, futhi ukukhuthazwa okuhlelekile kokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuguquleni okuphansi kwekhabhoni kanye nokuhlaza kwemboni.

2) Esikhathini esizayo, i-China inothile ngezinsiza zensimbi ezilahliwe futhi inemithombo yamandla eyanele. Uma izinqubomgomo zentela ezilahliwe eziphelele zisetshenziswa ukuze ziqondise ukugeleza okunengqondo kwezinsiza zensimbi ezilahliwe embonini yensimbi, inganikeza isiqinisekiso esidingekayo samandla okusebenza ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yesithando somlilo sikagesi sase-China. Ngalesi sisekelo, ukubikezela kokuqala kubonisa ukuthi ingxenye yenqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi e-China kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-15% ngo-2030; iphinde yenyuka yafinyelela ku-30% ngo-2035; futhi kuzoba inqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi eyinhloko eChina ngemuva kuka-2040.

I-3) Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi iningi lezithando zomlilo kanye nemishini yazo yokukhiqiza esekelayo ayikafinyeleli impilo yesevisi, ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa, esikhundleni se-rebar kanye nocingo njengesithando somlilo esincane nesiphakathi; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke imfucumfucu yensimbi-kagesi yomlilo, i-hydrogen metallurgy-electric furnace kanye nesithando somlilo sikagesi-eduze ukukhiqizwa kokugcina.

4) eqondiswa inkolelo-mbono metallurgical inqubo engineering, ikusasa electric esithandweni inqubo ubuchwepheshe isakhiwo kusukela ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo ukuze "imisebenzi emithathu", kufanele kuqinise inqubo nokwenza kahle, ukukhiqizwa carbon ongaphakeme, Logistics oluhlaza kanye nemfucuza inikezwe green low carbon technology ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko. kanye nokufaka isicelo, futhi kwandise inqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi engaba khona, ukuze imboni yensimbi ifinyelele umgomo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" yokuhlinzeka ngosizo lobuchwepheshe.

I-5) Ngokuhlaziywa komgwaqo wokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi yenqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi e-China, kusukela ezingeni lenqubo, inqubo yesithando somlilo kagesi inamandla amakhulu okunciphisa i-carbon, elandelwa inqubo yokugoqa insimbi, inqubo yokucwenga kanye nenqubo eqhubekayo yokuphonsa inekhabhoni ethile. amandla okunciphisa; ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokunciphisa ikhabhoni, amandla okukhishwa kwekhabhoni enqubweni yesithando somlilo kagesi azoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ukuncibilika "eduze kwe-zero carbon" kulindeleke ngonyaka ka-2050.