Ukuze uphendule ngenkuthalo "ithagethi yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" ecetywayo lilizwe, amasebe ahlukeneyo kunye neekhomishini ziye zakhupha uluhlu lwamaxwebhu omgaqo-nkqubo we-iron kunye ne-industry yensimbi, kwaye yabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uphuhliso lweziko lombane olulahliweyo. inkqubo kufuneka ikhokelwe ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo nefanelekileyo, kwaye ikhuthaze ngakumbi ukuguqulwa kohlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi yoshishino lwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi. Kulo mxholo, okokuqala, ngokwedatha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okunyibilikiswa kwesinyithi kunye nokuqengqeleka kweendawo ezibalwe eChina Energy Statistical Yearbook, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni engathanga ngqo kunye nokutsalwa kwemveliso yekhabhoni yemveliso okubangelwa kushishino lwentsimbi yaseTshayina ukusukela ngo-1991 ukuya. I-2021 ibalwa ngokweenkcukacha, kwaye i-CO ye-industry yensimbi yaseChina ihlalutywa Imo ye-Emission; I-CO ebangelwa yinkqubo ende eqhelekileyo kunye nenkqubo emfutshane yamashishini okuvelisa intsimbi_.

Ukukhutshwa kubalwa ukuhlola ukungafani kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwiinkqubo ezimbini, ukulinganisa amandla okunciphisa i-carbon yenkqubo yesithando sombane, kwaye ubonise ukuba uphuhliso olunengqiqo kunye nocwangco lwenkqubo yesithando sombane lolona lwalathiso luphambili lokuguqulwa nokuphuculwa. yoshishino lwentsimbi kwixesha elizayo. Ngokudityaniswa nemeko yophuhliso lwangoku lweshishini lentsimbi, ubunzima kunye nemingeni ekuphuhliseni inkqubo yesithando sombane yaseTshayina iyahlelwa, kwaye ngenxa yezi ngxaki zingasentla, uphando luqhutywa kwiinkalo ezintathu zokhuseleko lwamandla-amandla, uphuhliso. imo kunye nesakhiwo sobugcisa esifunekayo ekuphuhliseni inkqubo yesithando sombane, kwaye izicwangciso zokuhlangabezana nazo zinikezelwa.

Ngokwesiseko solu phando lungentla, imodeli yohlalutyo lweekhabhoni ezimbini zenkqubo yesithando sombane saseTshayina yakhiwa, kwaye imephu yendlela yophuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi yenkqubo yesithando sombane saseTshayina itsalwa kumanqanaba amabini enkqubo kunye nexesha ngokulandelelana. Kufunyaniswa ukuba amandla okunciphisa i-carbon yenkqubo yesithando sombane kunye ne-steel rolling process iyona inkulu, ibalwa kwi-40.7% kunye ne-36.7% yokunciphisa i-carbon yenkqubo yonke. Ngaphezu koko, ngokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bekhabhoni ephantsi kwinkqubo nganye, ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwinkqubo yesithando sombane kulindeleke ukuba kuncitshiswe nge-35.1% ngo-2030 ukusuka kwi-2020,74.7% ngo-2040, kwaye kuzuzwe "kufuphi ne-zero carbon" yokunyibilikisa 2050.

Intshayelelo

Ishishini lentsimbi nentsimbi bubuchwephesha, inkunzi, izibonelelo, ishishini elidinga amandla amaninzi, kodwa likwangushishino olusisiseko olubalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ukususela ekuhlaziyweni kunye nokuvula, i-iron kunye ne-iron ye-China imboni ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukusukela ngo-1996, imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yaseTshayina ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi iminyaka engama-27 ilandelelana. Ingakumbi kule minyaka yakutsha nje, umlinganiselo wemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yaseTshayina ehlabathini idlule i-50%, kwaye imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada ngo-2022 iya kufikelela kwi-1.013 billion t.

Ushishino lwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi lubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kwaye lunomlinganiselo ophezulu wokulungelelaniswa. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo loqoqosho lwesizwe, uphuhliso lwentlalo, irhafu yemali, ulwakhiwo lokhuselo lwesizwe kunye nengqesho ezinzileyo. Luphawu olubalulekileyo lwenqanaba loqoqosho lwesizwe kunye namandla abanzi esizwe, kwaye ixhasa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula okukhawulezayo kweGDP yesizwe. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso yentsimbi enkulu iye yabangela nenani elikhulu le-CO₂Ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-Greenhouse, ukusa kwinqanaba elithile, kwandisa uthotho lweengxaki ze-ikholoji kunye nezokusingqongileyo ezifana nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ukuphendula, kwingxoxo jikelele yeSeshini ye-75 ye-UN General Assembly, uNobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping uye wanikela intetho ebalulekileyo egameni le-China kwaye wacebisa i-CO yase-China.₂Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kuya kuzama ukufikelela kwincopho ngo-2030 kwaye kuzanywe ukuba kungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.

Ukusabela ngenkuthalo kwikomiti embindini weqela, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amasebe ahlukeneyo nawo akhuphe isicwangciso sokuphunyezwa kwencopho yekhabhoni yeshishini ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwesikhokelo somgangatho wentsimbi kunye nothotho lwamaxwebhu omgaqo-nkqubo, kwishishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ebanzi, uphuhliso olulungelelanisiweyo, oluluhlaza, oluzinzileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu lubeka phambili isikhokelo esicacileyo, esikhokela ngokulungeleleneyo ukuphuhliswa kwayo yonke inkqubo yesithando sombane esilahliweyo sisikhokelo esibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, phantsi kwemvelaphi "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini", eli phepha liqhuba uphando olucwangcisiweyo malunga nobunzima kunye nemingeni yenkqubo emfutshane yophuhliso lweziko lombane e-China kwixesha elizayo, ukhuseleko olufunekayo lwemithombo-amandla, imodeli yophuhliso, isakhiwo sobugcisa kunye imephu yophuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi.

Shwankathela

I-1) Ngenxa yesiseko esikhulu semveliso yentsimbi yaseChina yembali, ishishini lentsimbi lijongene noxinzelelo olunzima ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Inkqubo yokuguqula isithando somlilo yeyona nkqubo yokuvelisa intsimbi eTshayina, ethatha amalahle njengeyona ndawo iphambili yamandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa komthombo wamalahle amakhulu kuye kwaba yeyona CO ibalulekileyo kwishishini lentsimbi nentsimbi yaseTshayina.₂umthombo wokukhupha. Ngokwahlukileyo, inkqubo yesithando sombane esinamandla njengoko i-energy medium medium inamandla amakhulu okunciphisa i-carbon, kwaye ukukhuthazwa okucwangcisiweyo kokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yesithando sombane kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-carbon-low and green transformation of the industry.

I-2) Kwixesha elizayo, i-China inobutyebi kwimithombo yensimbi ye-scrap kwaye inemithombo yamandla eyaneleyo. Ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ye-scrap epheleleyo isetyenziselwa ukukhokela ukuhamba okufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zensimbi ezilahliweyo kwi-industry yensimbi, inokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiyimfuneko se-energy-energy kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yesithando somlilo saseChina. Ngesi siseko, ukubikezelwa kwangaphambili kubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wenkqubo yesithando sombane e-China kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele kwi-15% ngo-2030; linyuke laya kutsho kuma-30% ngowama-2035; kwaye iya kuba yeyona nkqubo yokwenziwa kwentsimbi eTshayina emva kwe2040.

I-3) Ukuqwalasela ukuba uninzi lweziqhumiso eziqhumayo kunye nezixhobo zabo zokuvelisa ezixhasayo azikafiki kubomi benkonzo, kwinkqubo yophuhliso, ukutshintshwa kwe-rebar kunye nocingo njengesithando somlilo esincinci kunye nesiphakathi; Kwangaxeshanye, yonke inkunkuma yentsimbi yombane, i-hydrogen metallurgy-electric furnace kunye ne-firnace yombane-kufuphi nemveliso yokugqibela.

4) ekhokelwa yithiyori yobunjineli benkqubo yesinyithi, inkqubo yombane yenkqubo yombane yenkqubo yokwakhiwa kobuchwephesha ukusuka kwimveliso yemveliso ukuya kwi "imisebenzi emithathu", kufuneka iqinise inkqubo yokuphucula, imveliso yekhabhoni ephantsi, izinto eziluhlaza kunye nenkunkuma enikwe uphando lobugcisa bekhabhoni eluhlaza kunye nophuhliso. kunye nesicelo, kunye nokwandisa inkqubo ye-carbon electric furnace, kwi-industry yensimbi ukuphumeza injongo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" yokubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa.

I-5) Ngokuhlalutya kwendlela yophuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi yenkqubo yesithando sombane e-China, ukusuka kwinqanaba lenkqubo, inkqubo yesithando sombane inamandla amakhulu okunciphisa i-carbon, elandelwa yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kwensimbi, ukucocwa kunye nenkqubo yokuphosa eqhubekayo inekhabhoni ethile. amandla okunciphisa; ngokusetyenziswa kweetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa ikhabhoni, amandla okukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwinkqubo yesithando sombane aya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye ukunyibilikiswa "kufutshane ne-zero carbon" kulindeleke malunga ne-2050.