Ibiziga bigabanijwemo ibiziga byimodoka hamwe na moteri. Ibiziga bya lokomoteri bigabanijwemo ibiziga bya moteri ya moteri, ibiziga bya moteri ya mazutu, ibiziga bya moteri ya moteri hamwe n’ibiziga bya axle bigenda byikurikiranya ukurikije ubwoko bwa moteri. Ibiziga bigenda byizunguruka bya moteri ya mazutu, moteri ya moteri na emus bifite ibikoresho byohereza kumubiri. Imodoka zitwara abagenzi zihuta cyane hamwe na emus zifata feri ya disiki, kandi disiki ya feri yashyizwe kumubiri cyangwa ibiziga.

Ibiziga bya moteri ya parike bigabanijwemo ibiziga biyobora, ibiziga bigenda, ibiziga bigenda hamwe n’ibiziga by’amazi. Kuyobora ibiziga byombi biherereye imbere ya lokomoteri kandi bigira uruhare runini rwo kuyobora. Ikinyabiziga kigenda kigira uruhare rwo kohereza ingufu za moteri. Ikinyabiziga kigendesha ibinyabiziga gitwarwa na piston ya piston (piston) binyuze muri rocker, naho ibiziga bigenda byerekanwa ninkoni ihuza. Hano hari igikonjo, crank pin umwobo hamwe nuburinganire buringaniye hagati yiziga ryuruziga rugenda, kandi ibisigazwa byibiziga byibumoso niburyo bigomba kugira itandukaniro rya dogere 90 mugihe uteranijwe. Imyenda yibiziga bigenda hamwe nu ruziga ruyobora biri imbere yiziga. Uruziga rw'umugaragu hamwe n'amakara y'amazi arasa mu buryo busa n'uruziga rw'ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi n'imizigo.

Ibiziga birashobora kugabanywamo ibiziga bizunguruka hamwe no kunyerera bizunguruka ukurikije ubwoko bwikurikiranya bukoreshwa kumirongo. Imodoka zitwara abagenzi za gari ya moshi zo mu Bushinwa zose zarafashwe, kandi umubare w’imodoka zitwara imizigo zifite ibiziga bigenda byiyongera umunsi ku munsi.

Ukurikije itandukaniro ryumutwaro ntarengwa wemewe (umutwaro ntarengwa uhagaze ukoreshwa nuruziga kuri gari ya moshi), uruziga rwimodoka itwara imizigo igabanijwemo ubwoko bune: B, C, D na E, nubunini bwa imitambiko n'inziga ya buri bwoko bwibiziga biratandukanye usibye diameter yibiziga; Hariho ubwoko butatu bwimodoka zitwara abagenzi nizitwara zizunguruka zifite ibiziga: RC, RD na RE, kandi hariho uburebure bwikinyamakuru butandukanye mubiziga bimwe bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kuzunguruka, bityo imibare ikurikira ikoreshwa mukubatandukanya, nka RC na RD. Axles yahimbwe kuva karubone yo hagati yicyuma cyiza cyane muri silinderi ifite diameter zitandukanye. Ukurikije ubwoko bwimodoka, irashobora kugabanywamo imitambiko ya lokomoteri hamwe n’abagenzi n’amakamyo. Ukurikije ubwoko bwikurikiranya, burashobora kugabanywamo ibice byanyerera kandi bizunguruka.

Intebe y'uruziga, aho uruziga rukanda, nacyo gice gifite diameter nini kuri axe;

(2) ikinyamakuru, igice cyumutwe uhuza no gutwara;

(3) Umubiri wa Axle, igice kiri hagati yibiziga byombi. Imibiri imwe yimodoka yabagenzi nabatwara imizigo igenda igabanuka kuva kuntebe yibiziga kugera hagati, naho imibiri imwe nimwe ifite uburebure. Ibikoresho byohereza moteri ya mazutu na lokomoteri n'amashanyarazi hamwe na feri ya feri ya feri ya lokomoteri ifite feri ya disikuru ikusanyirizwa kumubiri wa axe;

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Col Abakoroni ba Axle, ibice ku mpande zombi z’imodoka zitwara abagenzi n’imizigo biva mu binyamakuru bya axle, bikoreshwa mu gukumira ibyuma bitembera kugenda cyane ku binyamakuru bya axle, kandi nta makariso ya axe afite ku nziga zifata imitambiko;

Urutugu rwinyuma rwikinyamakuru hamwe nigice cyikinyamakuru hafi yicyicaro cyumukungugu cyakozwe mukintu cya arc kugirango hirindwe guhangayika biterwa nimpinduka zitunguranye za diameter.

Umutwaro kuri axe ya lokomoteri no kuzunguruka uhora uhinduka, kandi kubera ko uruziga rukomeza kuzunguruka, guhinduranya imbaraga bitangwa muri axe. Kubwibyo, imipaka iramba yibikoresho bigomba kunozwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mubikorwa byo gukora, uruziga rugomba gutunganywa no gukata kuzenguruka kwuzuye, ikinyamakuru nintebe yinziga bigomba gushimangirwa no kuzunguruka, kandi igikonyo kigabanya imizigo kigomba gushyirwa ku ntebe y’ibiziga hamwe n’inzibacyuho ya arc. (kuzunguruka) yikinyamakuru inyuma yigitugu. Kumenya ultrasonic na electromagnetic inenge bigomba gukorwa mugihe cyo gukoresha.

Ubusanzwe Axles irakomeye, ariko ikwirakwizwa ryimyitozo ya axle kumurongo wambukiranya ntabwo iringaniye, kandi wegereye hejuru, niko guhangayika cyane, mugihe imihangayiko iri hagati ari nto cyane. Kubwibyo, birashoboka gukoresha umutambiko wubusa aho kuba umutambiko ukomeye kugirango ugabanye ingaruka mbi zuburemere budasanzwe kuri lokomoteri n'imirongo. Nubwo umutambiko wuzuye wageragejwe imyaka myinshi muri gari ya moshi z’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, uracyakomeza kwigwa no kunozwa kubera ibibazo bitoroshye bikoreshwa [1].

Ibiziga bikanda kuri axe, kandi intera iri hagati yiziga ebyiri kumurongo umwe ihujwe na guge, kugirango uruziga rushobora kuzunguruka kuri gari ya moshi.

Igice c'uruziga gihura na gari ya moshi, ni ukuvuga impeta y'inyuma y'uruziga, yitwa uruziga ku ruziga rudasanzwe hamwe n'ipine ku ruziga rw'ipine. Ubuso bwuruziga cyangwa ipine ihuza gari ya moshi byitwa gukandagira, naho igice cyazamuye kuruhande rumwe rwumuhanda cyitwa rim. Uruzitiro ruherereye kuruhande rwimbere rwa gari ya moshi, rushobora kubuza ibiziga kugenda kandi bikagira uruhare runini. Igice c'uruziga ruhujwe na axe bita hub. Hub na rim bihujwe nimvugo. Imvugo irashobora kuba disiki ikomeza, yitwa imvugo; Irashobora kandi kuba umubare wa silinderi itondekanye ku cyerekezo cya radiyo, bita imvugo.

Ukurikije imiterere, ibiziga birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ibiziga byipine niziga ryuzuye. Uruziga rw'ipine rukozwe mugushira ipine hagati yikiziga hakoreshejwe uburyo bushyushye no gushyiramo impeta igumana. Impeta igumana irashobora kubuza ipine gusohoka mugihe ipine hamwe na centre yimodoka irekuye, kandi bigira uruhare mukurinda umutekano. Uruziga rwuzuye ni uguhuza ipine nuruziga rwagati. Mubyongeyeho, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bifata ibiziga bifite ibintu byoroshye hagati yurubuga. Ubu bwoko bwiziga bwitwa elastique, ubusanzwe bukoreshwa gusa mumodoka ya gari ya moshi.

Mubikorwa, igice cyo guhuza uruziga hamwe na gari ya moshi gifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ubuso bwo guhuza butanga ihinduka ryimiterere kandi bigahangayikishwa cyane. Mubikorwa, ibiziga byibumoso niburyo byanze bikunze bizunguruka kuri gari ya moshi zifite diameter zitandukanye, bikaviramo kunyerera no kwambara; Iyo feri, gukandagira ibiziga nabyo byambarwa cyane ninkweto za feri, kandi ubushyuhe bwinshi burabyara.

Ibi byose bisaba ko ibikoresho byo gukandagira bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera, gukomera no guhangana neza. Hub yakandagiye kuri axe ahanini ifite imbaraga za elastique, kandi imvugo cyangwa umuvugizi bitwara gusa imbaraga nimbaraga zunama, bisaba gukomera cyane.

Ipine ninziga hagati yiziga ryipine irashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye, bityo irashobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa hejuru. Uruziga rwibanze ruri munsi yiziga ryipine mukurwanya kwambara, ariko biroroshye muburemere kandi ntibihendutse. Icy'ingenzi cyane, ipine ntizaruhuka kandi igacika. Gari ya moshi y'Ubushinwa iracyakoresha ibiziga by'ipine kuri lokomoteri, kandi ibinyabiziga byose bitwara abagenzi n'imizigo byakoresheje ibiziga by'ibyuma.

Agaciro kizina ka diameter yumuzingi ni diameter yumuzingi uzunguruka (uruziga rwakozwe no guhuza indege ibangikanye nuruhande rwimbere rwuruziga no gukandagira uruziga). Ibipimo by'ibiziga by'imodoka zitwara imizigo, imodoka zitwara abagenzi, moteri yaka imbere na moteri ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa muri gari ya moshi y'Ubushinwa ni 840mm, 915mm, 1050mm na 1250mm. Diameter yinziga zinyuranye za moteri ya parike iratandukanye nicyitegererezo, kandi diameter yibiziga bigenda ni hagati ya mm 1370 na 2000.

Umurongo wa kontour ukorwa nuruziga ruzenguruka hanyuma ukandagira ku gice cya radiyo yiziga. Guhitamo uruziga ruzengurutse no gukandagira ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kumyambarire no kumurimo wubuzima bwuruziga, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye bwo gutambutsa umurongo no gukora neza bya moteri na moteri. Uruziga rushoboza ibiziga kunyura mumirongo no kwitabira byizewe nta gutandukana. Gukandagira ni conique, hamwe na taper ya 1:10 hafi yumuzingi.

Iyo unyuze mu murongo, uruziga rwo hanze ruzunguruka kuri gari ya moshi yo hanze hamwe na diameter nini yegereye uruziga, kandi uruziga rw'imbere ruzunguruka kuri gari ya moshi y'imbere hamwe na diameter ntoya, ku buryo ku ruhande rumwe, uruziga rufite uruhare runini. hamwe no guhindura icyerekezo cyerekezo, kandi mugihe kimwe, itandukaniro riri hagati yizunguruka hagati yiziga ryimbere ninziga yinyuma irashobora kwishyura indishyi zinyuranye muburebure bwa gari ya moshi y'imbere na gari ya moshi yo hanze.

Iyo wiruka mumurongo ugororotse, niba uruziga rutandukanije nu mwanya rwagati rwagati kumurongo, itandukaniro riri hagati ya radiyo izunguruka yibiziga byombi bizatuma uruziga rugenda rwerekezo rwo kugarura umwanya rwagati. Icyuma cyuruhande rwinyuma rwuruziga ni 1: 5, rushobora kongera itandukaniro riri hagati ya radiyo izunguruka yibiziga bibiri byiziga kandi byoroshye kunyura mumurongo muto wa radiyo. Nyamara, umutambiko wa conical nawo ntandaro yinzoka isa ninzoka ya moteri na moteri kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere. Kugabanya icyuma gikandagira bifasha kubuza guhiga, ariko kwambara uruziga rugaragara ko byiyongereye, kandi uruziga rwiziga hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi ziziga bigufi cyane.

Ubu buryo bukoreshwa gusa kuri gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi zihuta. Kurundi ruhande, umwirondoro wuruziga rwuruziga rwambara byihuse mugice cyambere cyibikorwa, hanyuma bikunda guhagarara neza kandi kwambara bikagenda buhoro. Nyuma yo gusana kuzunguruka, imiterere ntishobora kugumaho igihe kirekire, kandi umubare wicyuma ni kinini cyane. Kubwibyo, gari ya moshi mubihugu bimwe na bimwe byafashe umwirondoro wikiziga cyegereye imyambarire ihagaze neza, kandi nanone bita kwambara. Kwemeza iyi shusho ntibishobora kugabanya kwambara kwiziga no kongera igihe cyo gusana kuzenguruka, ariko kandi bigabanya imihangayiko yo guhura kubera kunoza imiterere ya gari ya moshi.