Rwanda
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Carbone ikora, izwi kandi nk'amakara yakoreshejwe, ni ibintu byinshi kandi bifite agaciro gakoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye kubintu byihariye bidasanzwe. Ikorwa no gushyushya ibikoresho bya karubone, nk'ibiti, amakara, cyangwa ibishishwa bya cocout, ku bushyuhe bwinshi iyo umwuka udahari. Ubu buryo bukora urusobe rwibinure hamwe nubuso burebure, butanga karubone ikora ibintu byihariye.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biranga karubone ikora ni iterambere ryayo rya mesopore, ni imyenge ifite diameter iri hagati ya nanometero 2 na 50. Izi mesopores zongerera cyane ubushobozi bwibikoresho bya adsorption, bikabasha gufata neza umwanda hamwe n’umwanda uva mu myuka n’amazi. Ibi bituma karubone ikora igira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo kweza imyanda yo mumijyi, amazi yo kunywa, no gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda.
Usibye imiterere ya mesoporous, carbone ikora ifite imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, ikabasha kwihanganira ibyifuzo byumubiri bya porogaramu zitandukanye. Uku kuramba kwemeza ko ishobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kuyungurura no kweza idatakaje imbaraga zayo mugihe.
Byongeye kandi, karubone ikora irazwi cyane kubera imbaraga za adsorption, nicyo gisubizo cyubuso bunini bwacyo hamwe nuburyo bukomeye. Ubu bushobozi bwa adsorption butuma bukurura kandi bugumana ibintu byinshi byanduza, harimo ibinyabuzima kama, ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC), chlorine, nibindi byanduye bikunze kuboneka mumazi numwuka.
Byongeye kandi, karubone ikora ni umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa, kuko ushobora guhindurwa ukongera ugakoreshwa binyuze mubikorwa nka reaction yumuriro cyangwa kuvugurura imiti. Ibi bituma iba igisubizo kirambye cyo kweza no gutunganya, kugabanya ingaruka rusange z’ibidukikije zo gucunga imyanda no gutunganya.
Muri rusange, guhuza bidasanzwe kwa mesopore, imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, imbaraga za adsorption, hamwe no kuvugurura bituma karubone ikora ari ikintu cyingirakamaro mu gukemura ibibazo by’umwanda no kwanduza mu mijyi n’inganda. Guhindura byinshi no gukora neza mugukuraho umwanda n’ibyuka bihumanya imyuka ya gazi n’amazi bituma bigira uruhare runini mu kurengera ibidukikije na gahunda z’ubuzima rusange ku isi.
Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano
Mu 1985, Datong Lokomotive Works yatahuye ko moteri y’amashanyarazi aricyo cyerekezo cy’iterambere cy’inganda za gari ya moshi n’Ubushinwa mu gihe kiri imbere, maze ishyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cy’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa bya "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Lokomotive Works) na Datong Lokomotive Work".
Shaoshan Ubwoko bwa lokomoteri yo mu bwoko bwa 3 nigisekuru cyanjye cya kabiri mugihugu cyanjye 6-axe itwara abagenzi hamwe na moteri. Lokomoteri ifata ikiraro-cyuzuye cyuzuye-ikosora kandi ikamenya icyiciro cya thyristor igenzurwa neza na voltage igenga. Lokomoteri ifata sisitemu imwe ya AC 25kV 50Hz ya voltage kandi ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 100km / h.
SS3B yashizwemo na moteri iremereye cyane yamashanyarazi ni moteri ya 12-imizigo yamashanyarazi. Igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa 6-zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Ibice byombi bifite ibikoresho bya sisitemu yumuriro mwinshi-uhuza, insinga zo kugenzura, hamwe nu kurinda imiyoboro. Imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa icyarimwe kuva cab. Lokomoteri ikoresha sisitemu imwe yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa voltage, voltage 25kV, imiyoboro ya AC-DC, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukora wa lokomoteri ni 100km / h.
Shaoshan 4 yateje imbere amashanyarazi ni moteri ya 8-axe yimodoka. Lokomoteri igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa zisa zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Amahugurwa yombi afite ibikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi menshi kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, insinga zo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe na feri yo kugenzura feri yo mu kirere. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa mugihe kimwe cyabashoferi ba kinyabiziga kimwe. Lokomoteri ebyiri nazo zirashobora gutandukana kandi zigakoreshwa mu bwigenge nka moteri enye.