Mu rwego rwo gusubiza byimazeyo "intego ya karuboni ebyiri" zasabwe n’igihugu, minisiteri na komisiyo zitandukanye zasohoye inyandiko za politiki z’inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma, kandi zigaragaza neza ko iterambere ry’itanura ry’amashanyarazi ryuzuye. inzira igomba kuyoborwa muburyo butondetse kandi bushyize mu gaciro, kandi bigateza imbere kurushaho guhindura icyatsi na karuboni nkeya mu nganda zicyuma nicyuma. Ni muri urwo rwego, mbere ya byose, dukurikije imibare y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushonga ibyuma bya fer fer no gutondekanya ibicuruzwa bibarwa mu gitabo cy’Ubushinwa cy’ibarurishamibare cy’umwaka w’Ubushinwa, ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya karubone, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ndetse no kugabanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byatewe n’inganda z’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 2021 bibarwa ku buryo burambuye, na CO y’inganda z’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa isesengurwa uko imyuka ihumanya ikirere; CO iterwa nibikorwa bisanzwe birebire hamwe ninganda ngufi zitunganya ibyuma_.

Ibyuka bihumanya bibarwa kugirango harebwe itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byombi, kugereranya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya imyuka ya carbone y’ibikorwa by’itanura ry’amashanyarazi, kandi byerekana ko iterambere ryumvikana kandi rifite gahunda yo gutunganya itanura ry’amashanyarazi aricyo cyerekezo nyamukuru cyo guhindura no kuzamura y'inganda z'ibyuma mugihe kizaza. Ufatanije n’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’inganda z’ibyuma, ingorane n’imbogamizi mu iterambere ry’itanura ry’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa birakemuka, kandi urebye ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, ubushakashatsi bukorwa mu bintu bitatu by’umutekano w’ingufu-ingufu, iterambere buryo nuburyo bwa tekiniki bukenewe mugutezimbere itanura ryamashanyarazi, kandi ingamba zo guhangana nazo ziratangwa.

Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru, hubatswe uburyo bubiri bwo gusesengura karuboni ebyiri mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cy’iterambere rya karuboni nkeya mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi ry’Ubushinwa ryakuwe mu byiciro bibiri byakozwe hamwe n’igihe. Byagaragaye ko ubushobozi bwo kugabanya karubone yuburyo bwo gutanura itanura ryamashanyarazi nuburyo bwo kuzunguruka ibyuma aribyo binini, bingana na 40.7% na 36.7% byubushobozi bwo kugabanya karubone mubikorwa byose. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rito rya karubone muri buri gikorwa, biteganijwe ko ingufu za karuboni ziva mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi ziteganijwe kugabanukaho 35.1% muri 2030 kuva 2020,74.7% muri 2040, kandi zikagera kuri "hafi ya zero karubone" gushonga 2050.

ijambo ry'ibanze

Inganda zicyuma nicyuma nikoranabuhanga, imari shingiro, umutungo, inganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, ariko kandi ninganda zingenzi zubukungu bwigihugu. Kuva ivugurura no gufungura, inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa zateye imbere byihuse. Kuva mu 1996, Ubushinwa ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu myaka 27 ikurikiranye. By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, igipimo cy’umusaruro w’ibyuma bya chine mu Bushinwa ku isi cyarenze 50%, naho ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu 2022 bizagera kuri miliyari 1.013.

Inganda zicyuma nicyuma zirimo inganda nini kandi zifite urwego rwo hejuru. Ifite uruhare runini mu iyubakwa ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu, iterambere ry’imibereho, imisoro y’imari, kubaka ingabo z’igihugu no gutanga akazi gahamye. Nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyurwego rwubukungu bwigihugu nimbaraga rusange zigihugu, kandi gishyigikira neza izamuka ryihuse rya GDP. Ariko icyarimwe, inzira nini yinganda zikora ibyuma nazo zateje umubare munini wa CO₂Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ku rugero runaka, byongera ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije nk’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Mu gusubiza, mu kiganiro rusange cy’inama ya 75 y’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, umunyamabanga mukuru Xi Jinping yatanze ijambo ry’ingenzi mu izina ry’Ubushinwa anasaba CO mu Bushinwa₂Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizaharanira kugera mu 2030 kandi bihatire kutagira aho bibogamiye muri 2060.

Kugira ngo dusubize byimazeyo komite nkuru y’ishyaka, mu myaka yashize, minisiteri zinyuranye nazo zashyize ahagaragara gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa inganda za karuboni mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma ndetse n’inyandiko za politiki, ku nganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma, guhuza, icyatsi, birambye kandi byiterambere byiterambere byashyize imbere icyerekezo gisobanutse, kiyobora gahunda yiterambere ryicyuma cyamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi nicyerekezo cyingenzi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inyuma ya "karuboni ebyiri", iyi mpapuro ikora ubushakashatsi kuri gahunda ku ngorane n’ingorane ziterwa n’iterambere ry’igihe gito ry’itanura ry’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa mu bihe biri imbere, umutekano ukenewe w’ingufu-ingufu, icyitegererezo cy’iterambere, imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga na igishushanyo mbonera cyiterambere rya karubone.

incamake

) Igikorwa cyo gutanura itanura ni inzira nyamukuru yo gukora ibyuma mu Bushinwa, bifata amakara nk’ingufu nyamukuru, kandi gukoresha amakara manini y’amakara yabaye CO ikomeye mu nganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma mu Bushinwa.₂Inkomoko y’ibyuka. Ibinyuranye, itanura ryamashanyarazi hamwe nimbaraga nkibikoresho nyamukuru byingufu bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kugabanya karubone, kandi guteza imbere gahunda yiterambere ry itanura ryamashanyarazi bifite akamaro kanini muguhindura karuboni nkeya nicyatsi kibisi.

2) Mu bihe biri imbere, Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku bikoresho bishaje kandi bifite ingufu zihagije. Niba politiki yimisoro yuzuye ikoreshwa muguhuza neza umutungo wibyuma bishaje mu nganda zibyuma, irashobora gutanga ingwate zikenewe zingufu ziterambere mugutezimbere itanura ryamashanyarazi mubushinwa. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, ubuhanuzi bwibanze bwerekana ko igipimo cy’itanura ry’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa giteganijwe kugera kuri 15% muri 2030; byiyongereye kugera kuri 30% muri 2035; kandi bizaba inzira nyamukuru yo gukora ibyuma mubushinwa nyuma ya 2040.

) Mugihe kimwe, imyanda yose yicyuma-amashanyarazi, hydrogène metallurgie-itanura ryamashanyarazi hamwe nitanura ryamashanyarazi hafi yinganda zanyuma.

4) iyobowe nigitekerezo cyubwubatsi bwa metallurgical process, ejo hazaza hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji y’amashanyarazi kuva mu bicuruzwa kugeza ku "mirimo itatu", bigomba gushimangira uburyo bwo gutezimbere, umusaruro muke wa karubone, ibikoresho by’ibidukikije hamwe n’imyanda ihabwa ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga rito rya karubone. no kuyishyira mu bikorwa, no gukoresha uburyo bushoboka bwo gutanura amashanyarazi ya karubone, kugirango inganda zibyuma zigere ku ntego ya "karuboni ebyiri" yo gutanga inkunga ya tekiniki.

5. ubushobozi bwo kugabanya; hamwe nogukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kugabanya karubone, ubukana bwa karubone bwibikorwa by itanura ryamashanyarazi bizagabanuka cyane, kandi biteganijwe ko gushonga "hafi ya zero karubone" nko mu 2050.