Rwanda
Kuvoma ibitonyanga birashobora gutandukanya diameter kuva ¼ santimetero kugeza kuri santimetero 1.5 cyangwa zirenga muburyo butandukanye kandi burigihe ni umukara. Irashobora kugurwa mumuzingo wa metero 100-, 500-, cyangwa 1000. Ibipimo bisanzwe bitonyanga birimo 3/8-cm (mm 10 cyangwa “380”), 1/2 -2 (13 mm cyangwa “500”), 5/8-cm (16 mm hanze cyangwa “600”) , na 5/8-santimetero (mm 16 imbere cyangwa ubunini bwa “630”). Imiyoboro ya 5/8 (ubunini “600” na “630”) irazwi cyane. Kuberako ikozwe kugirango irinde urumuri rwizuba, igitonyanga gishobora kumara imyaka 30+ izuba.
Ibisobanuro birambuye
UMUSARURO W'IBICURUZWA
Hariho ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho bishobora guhuzwa nigitonyanga gitonyanga, ariko ubunini bwibikwiye bugomba guhura nubwa tubing. Hano hari "T" s, inkokora, hamwe na adaptate kugirango uhuze imigozi yubusitani bwumugabo cyangwa igitsina gore kugirango tuvuge bike. Impera ifunguye yigituba igomba gucomekwa kumashusho 8.
Imirongo mumaguru 1000+ yibirenge bikozwe mubunini bwa "600" igitonyanga hamwe na emitter zashizweho mbere ya santimetero 12, 18, cyangwa 24. Abasohora imyuka iringaniye, kuburyo rero aribwo buryo bwiza niba uteganya kuhira uburiri hamwe na gride ya 2x2 ya gride cyangwa mu murima cyangwa mu murima cyangwa ahantu hamwe n’ibiti bingana. Ariko, niba ibimera bigomba kuvomererwa nigitonyanga gitonyanga hamwe nibisohoka bidafite umwanya uringaniye, ubwo rero birashoboka ko wagura ibitonyanga bitonyanga hamwe n’ibisohoka kugirango ubashe umwanya mwiza wohereza ibyuka kugirango uhuze nuburyo bwo gutera.
Microsprinklers na microsprayers ni imashini ntoya ya plastike na sprayer zisanzwe zishyirwa hejuru yubwoko bumwe bwa plastike. Bahujwe kumpera imwe yuburebure bwa spaghetti tubing ihujwe nigitonyanga gitonyanga kurundi ruhande. Izi ni imvange yo kuhira ibitonyanga hamwe na tekinoroji yo kuhira imyaka, bigatuma ikora neza kuruta imiti, ariko iracyakora neza kuruta imyanda.
Microsprinklers irashobora kugira umuvuduko wa litiro 5-60 kumasaha, rimwe na rimwe birenze. Zikoreshwa cyane muri pariki nimboga. Zifite kandi akamaro mubutaka hamwe nubutaka bubi, bwumucanga. Ibitonyanga bitonyanga ntabwo ari byiza mubihe nkibi kuko ubutaka bwumutse neza kuburyo amazi ava muri emitter atemba ahagaritse kandi hariho kugenda gake cyane kuruhande rwamazi kure yuwasohoye. Ibi bigabanya ubwishingizi muri zone yumuzi. Kuberako microsprinkler itera amazi ahantu hanini cyane, ziraruhira cyane kuvomera ahantu hanini cyane. Microsprinkler ikoreshwa cyane mubiti bya citrus, aho ubutaka bwumucanga.
Mu bice usanga ubutaka bwiganjemo ibumba cyangwa ibumba, imiyoboro ihanamye iratinda cyane kandi umuvuduko wamazi uva mumazi yatonyanga akenshi aba afite metero 2 cyangwa zirenga (bitandukanye na santimetero 4-6 mubutaka bwumucanga). Ahantu nyaburanga hamwe nubutaka bwibumba, imyanda itonyanga ikora neza kandi microsprinklers ntabwo ikoreshwa.
Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano
Mu 1985, Datong Lokomotive Works yatahuye ko moteri y’amashanyarazi aricyo cyerekezo cy’iterambere cy’inganda za gari ya moshi n’Ubushinwa mu gihe kiri imbere, maze ishyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cy’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa bya "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Lokomotive Works) na Datong Lokomotive Work".
Shaoshan Ubwoko bwa lokomoteri yo mu bwoko bwa 3 nigisekuru cyanjye cya kabiri mugihugu cyanjye 6-axe itwara abagenzi hamwe na moteri. Lokomoteri ifata ikiraro-cyuzuye cyuzuye-ikosora kandi ikamenya icyiciro cya thyristor igenzurwa neza na voltage igenga. Lokomoteri ifata sisitemu imwe ya AC 25kV 50Hz ya voltage kandi ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 100km / h.
SS3B yashizwemo na moteri iremereye cyane yamashanyarazi ni moteri ya 12-imizigo yamashanyarazi. Igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa 6-zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Ibice byombi bifite ibikoresho bya sisitemu yumuriro mwinshi-uhuza, insinga zo kugenzura, hamwe nu kurinda imiyoboro. Imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa icyarimwe kuva cab. Lokomoteri ikoresha sisitemu imwe yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa voltage, voltage 25kV, imiyoboro ya AC-DC, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukora wa lokomoteri ni 100km / h.
Shaoshan 4 yateje imbere amashanyarazi ni moteri ya 8-axe yimodoka. Lokomoteri igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa zisa zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Amahugurwa yombi afite ibikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi menshi kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, insinga zo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe na feri yo kugenzura feri yo mu kirere. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa mugihe kimwe cyabashoferi ba kinyabiziga kimwe. Lokomoteri ebyiri nazo zirashobora gutandukana kandi zigakoreshwa mu bwigenge nka moteri enye.