Rwanda
Amakara akoreshwa cyangwa amakara akoreshwa ni ikintu cyoroshye gifata ibice, cyane cyane kama, biboneka muri gaze cyangwa mumazi. Irabikora neza kuburyo aribwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane bwo kweza abantu.
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ibisobanuro ku bicuruzwa
Ku rundi ruhande, ibinyabuzima bivangwa na metabolism y’ibinyabuzima, kandi imiterere yabyo igizwe n'iminyururu ya atome ya karubone na hydrogen. Harimo ibikomoka byose ku bimera n’inyamaswa, harimo peteroli hamwe n’ibiyikomokaho.
Umutungo wikintu gikomeye kugirango ufatanye na molekile itemba kurukuta rwayo yitwa "adsorption". Ikomeye yitwa "adsorbent" na molekile, "adsorbate".
Nyuma yo kuyungurura, igamije kugumana ibintu bikomeye mumazi, nta nzira imwe yo kweza hamwe nibisabwa kuruta karubone ikora.
Komeza usome iki gitabo cyuzuye kugirango umenye uko ikora karubone ikora, ibyingenzi byingenzi, kandi nusoma kugeza kumpera uzasanga imbonerahamwe yuzuye hamwe namakuru yerekanwe kubintu byihariye biranga karubone ikora. Ingingo tuzasubiza ni izi zikurikira:
1. Carbone ikora iki?
2. Ni iki ikoreshwa rya karubone ikoreshwa?
3. Ni he ushobora kubona karubone ikora?
4. Nigute karubone ikora ikora?
5. Ni ibihe bikoresho fatizo bishobora kuboneka karubone?
6. Amakara ya cocout
7. Amakara y'amabuye y'agaciro.
8. Ni ubuhe bushobozi bwa adsorption ya karubone ikora?
9. Nigute carbone ikora ikora muri dechlorination?
10. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa karubone ikora aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kweza amazi?
11. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa karubone ikora aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kweza umwuka na gaze?
Carbone ikora iki ikoreshwa?
● Kweza amazi.
.
● Deodorisation no kweza ikirere.
Kurugero: mubuhumekero bwa karitsiye, sisitemu yo kuzenguruka ikirere ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, imyanda itwara amazi n’ibiti bitunganya amazi, ibyumba byo gusiga amarangi, umwanya ubika cyangwa ushyiramo ibimera.
Kuvura abantu bafite ubusinzi bukabije.
Amakara akoreshwa afatwa nk "umuti urwanya isi yose", kandi ukoreshwa mubyumba byihutirwa no mubitaro.
Gutunganya isukari.
Amakara agumana poroteyine zitanga ibara ry'umutobe w'inkoni; intego yibanze yiki gikorwa ni ukurinda isukari gusembura no kwangirika.
Guhindura amabara y'amavuta akomoka ku bimera.
(nka cocout). Ibigori glucose n'ibindi bisukari bigenewe ibiryo.
Guhindura amabara no guhindura deodorizasi y'ibinyobwa bisindisha.
(nka vino yinzabibu na distillates yinkomoko iyo ari yo yose)
Recovery Kugarura zahabu.
Zahabu idashobora gutandukanywa namabuye yuburyo bwa flotation ishonga muri sodium cyanide kandi igashyirwa kuri karubone ikora.
Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano
Mu 1985, Datong Lokomotive Works yatahuye ko moteri y’amashanyarazi aricyo cyerekezo cy’iterambere cy’inganda za gari ya moshi n’Ubushinwa mu gihe kiri imbere, maze ishyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cy’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa bya "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Lokomotive Works) na Datong Lokomotive Work".
Shaoshan Ubwoko bwa lokomoteri yo mu bwoko bwa 3 nigisekuru cyanjye cya kabiri mugihugu cyanjye 6-axe itwara abagenzi hamwe na moteri. Lokomoteri ifata ikiraro-cyuzuye cyuzuye-ikosora kandi ikamenya icyiciro cya thyristor igenzurwa neza na voltage igenga. Lokomoteri ifata sisitemu imwe ya AC 25kV 50Hz ya voltage kandi ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 100km / h.
SS3B yashizwemo na moteri iremereye cyane yamashanyarazi ni moteri ya 12-imizigo yamashanyarazi. Igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa 6-zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Ibice byombi bifite ibikoresho bya sisitemu yumuriro mwinshi-uhuza, insinga zo kugenzura, hamwe nu kurinda imiyoboro. Imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa icyarimwe kuva cab. Lokomoteri ikoresha sisitemu imwe yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa voltage, voltage 25kV, imiyoboro ya AC-DC, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukora wa lokomoteri ni 100km / h.
Shaoshan 4 yateje imbere amashanyarazi ni moteri ya 8-axe yimodoka. Lokomoteri igizwe na lokomoteri ebyiri zisa zisa zihujwe na kuperi hamwe nikirahure. Amahugurwa yombi afite ibikoresho bihuza amashanyarazi menshi kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, insinga zo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe na feri yo kugenzura feri yo mu kirere. Ikinyabiziga cyose kirashobora kugenzurwa mugihe kimwe cyabashoferi ba kinyabiziga kimwe. Lokomoteri ebyiri nazo zirashobora gutandukana kandi zigakoreshwa mu bwigenge nka moteri enye.