1. 1.Simulated nyama mankhwala

Poyerekeza ndi mapuloteni a nyama, kupanga mapuloteni a tizilombo kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa chilengedwe, mtengo wa chakudya, ndi kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Choncho, kupanga mapuloteni a tizilombo monga cholowa m'malo mwa nyama ndi imodzi mwa njira zothetsera kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wonyezimira wachikasu, ufa wonyezimira wa mphutsi yachikasu, kapena mapuloteni a mphutsi yachikasu m'malo mwa nyama yanyama muzakudya za nyama kutha kupewetsa kudana ndi ogula ku morphology ya tizilombo yomwe imatsogolera pakusankha kudya. Orkusz adawunikiranso ndikuyerekeza mtengo wazakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ndi tizilombo, ndipo adapeza kuti tizilombo ndi zinthu zanyama zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ofanana, ofunikira amino acid, komanso mafuta ofunikira, zonse zomwe zimatha kupereka zakudya zofunikira mthupi la munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo titha kuperekanso vitamini C komanso ulusi wazakudya.

Cho ndi Ryul anawonjezera ufa wa mphutsi zachikasu pazakudya zopangira mapuloteni opangidwa ndi nyama, zomwe zimakhala ndi 65% ufa wa soya wodetsedwa, 25% wopatula soya protein, ndi 10% wowuma wa chimanga. Nyongolotsi yachikasu idawonjezedwa pa 15% ndi 30% ya zopangira zoyambira, ndipo nyama yofananira idapezedwa kudzera pawiri-screw extrusion. Ufa wonyezimira wa mphutsi unachulukitsa kusungunuka kwa mapuloteni, kusungunuka, ndi antioxidant ntchito, koma umachepetsa mawonekedwe a nyama yofanana.

Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuyanjana kwa maselo mkati mwa soya mapuloteni a soya ndi ufa wa yellow mealworm, womwe uli wofanana ndi zotsatira za kuwonjezera ufa wa yellow mealworm ku network ya gluten. Poyerekeza ndi zouma zouma zouma zouma za yellow mealworm, zouma zouma za yellow mealworm zimakhala ndi fungo labwino, lomwe lingakhale chifukwa cha zomwe Maillard zimachitika panthawi yowumitsa chifukwa cha kutentha.

2. 2.Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a yellow mealworm

Monga tizilombo tokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, nyongolotsi zachikasu sizimangopereka mapuloteni ochulukirapo komanso zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta achikasu, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsa zosungunulira.

Mafuta amtundu wa mafuta ake akuwonetsedwa mu Table 3, yomwe ili ndi mafuta ambiri osakanizidwa, omwe ali ndi oleic acid ndi linoleic acid omwe ali ochuluka kwambiri. Zomwe zili ndi vitamini E mumafuta amtundu wachikasu woyezedwa ndi Son et al. ndi mafuta a 144.3 mg/1000g, omwe ndi apamwamba kuposa mafuta ambiri opangidwa ndi nyama komanso otsika pang'ono kuposa mafuta a vitamin E m'mafuta a zomera. Jeon ndi al. adaphunzira za kuyanika kwa 200 ℃ kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 15 pamafuta a mphutsi yachikasu ndipo adapeza kuti kukazinga kumatha kukulitsa mtundu wamafuta ndikuwonjezera zomwe zili mu oleic acid ndi tocopherol.

Mafuta a mphutsi yachikasu yokazinga adawonetsanso kukhazikika kwa okosijeni kwamafuta, zomwe zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zomwe Maillard amachitira zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yokazinga zomwe zimakhala ndi antioxidant.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni a mphutsi yachikasu: ufa wothira mafuta a mbozi zachikasu amayeretsedwanso kuti apeze mapuloteni amtundu wa yellow mealworm. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adayeza kusungunuka, kutsekemera kwa emulsifying, zinthu zotulutsa thovu, ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zamafuta a hydrolysis a mapuloteni a yellow mealworm. Yoo et al. anakonza ma hydrolysates a mapuloteni a tizilombo monga mapuloteni achikasu a mphutsi pogwiritsa ntchito ma enzyme, alkaline proteases, kapena osakaniza awiriwa.

Iwo anapeza kuti solubility kwambiri chinawonjezeka pambuyo hydrolysis ndi angapo enzymatic njira, pamene thovu mphamvu yafupika. Kuchiritsa kwa ma enzymes a flavour kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ya emulsifying ikhale yolimba komanso kukhazikika kwa mapuloteni a yellow mealworm. Pambuyo pa alkaline protease hydrolysis, angiotensin-converting enzyme inaletsedwa kwambiri, ndipo chithandizo ndi enzyme osakaniza chinasonyeza kwambiri zotsatira za α- Kulepheretsa ntchito ya glucosidase.

Maonekedwe a mapuloteni a yellow mealworm amadzipatula amafanana ndi mapuloteni omwe alipo kale ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya. Kukonzekera kwa mafuta odzola kuchokera ku mapuloteni a Tenebrio molitor ndi mapangidwe a bioactive substance transport system monga curcumin aphunzira.

Grossmann et al. hydrolyzed yellow mealworm protein ndikuyichita ndi xylose pa 98 ℃ kwa mphindi 30 pochita Maillard. Zomwe Maillard zimachita zimakulitsa kuwawa kwake komanso kutsitsimuka, kuwonetsa kuti hydrolysis yopangidwa ndi mapuloteni a yellow mealworm atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira popanga zinthu zatsopano zokometsera.