In order to actively respond to the "double-carbon target" proposed by the country, various ministries and commissions have issued a series of policy documents for the iron and steel industry, and clearly pointed out that the development of the whole scrap steel electric furnace process should be guided in an orderly and reasonable manner, and further promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the iron and steel industry. In this context, first of all, according to the energy consumption data of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing terminals calculated in China Energy Statistical Yearbook, the direct carbon emissions, indirect carbon emissions and product carbon sequestration deduction caused by China's steel industry from 1991 to 2021 are calculated in detail, and the CO of China's steel industry is analyzed Emission status; CO caused by typical long process and short process steel production enterprises_.

The emissions are calculated to explore the differences in carbon emissions of the two processes, quantify the carbon reduction potential of the electric furnace process, and point out that the reasonable and orderly development of the electric furnace process is the main direction of the transformation and upgrading of the steel industry in the future. Combined with the current development situation of the steel industry, the difficulties and challenges in the development of China's electric furnace process are sorted out, and in view of the above problems, the research is carried out from three aspects of resource-energy security, development mode and technical structure needed for the development of the electric furnace process, and the coping strategies are given.

On the basis of the above research, the two-carbon analysis model of China electric furnace process is constructed, and the low-carbon development roadmap of China electric furnace process is drawn from two levels of process and time respectively. It is found that the carbon reduction potential of the electric furnace process and steel rolling process is the largest, accounting for 40.7% and 36.7% of the carbon reduction potential of the whole process. Moreover, with the application of low-carbon technology in each process, the carbon emission intensity of the electric furnace process is expected to be reduced by 35.1% in 2030 from 2020,74.7% in 2040, and achieve "near zero carbon" smelting in 2050.

foreword

Iron and steel industry is a technology, capital, resources, energy-intensive industry, but also an important basic industry of the national economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's iron and steel industry has been developing rapidly. Since 1996, China's crude steel output has ranked first in the world for 27 consecutive years. Especially in recent years, the proportion of China's crude steel production in the world has exceeded 50%, and the crude steel output in 2022 will reach 1.013 billion t.

The iron and steel industry involves a wide range of industries and has a high degree of correlation. It plays an important role in national economic construction, social development, fiscal taxation, national defense construction and stable employment. It is an important symbol of national economic level and comprehensive national strength, and effectively supports the rapid growth of national GDP. But at the same time, the large-scale steel industry production process has also caused a large number of CO₂Greenhouse gas emissions, to some extent, aggravate a series of ecological and environmental problems such as global warming. In response, at the general debate of the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on behalf of China and proposed China's CO₂Emissions will strive to peak by 2030 and strive to be carbon neutral by 2060.

To actively respond to the party central committee, in recent years, various ministries have also released the industrial carbon peak implementation plan on promoting the development of iron and steel industry quality guidance and a series of policy documents, for the iron and steel industry comprehensive, coordinated, green, sustainable and high quality development put forward clear guidance, which orderly guide the development of all scrap steel electric furnace process is an important direction. Therefore, under the background of "double carbon", this paper carries out a systematic study on the difficulties and challenges of the short process development of electric furnace in China in the future, the required resource-energy security, development model, technology structure and low-carbon development roadmap.

sum up

1) Due to China's large historical crude steel production base, the steel industry is facing severe pressure on carbon emission reduction. Blast furnace-converter process is the main steel manufacturing process in China, which takes coal as the main energy medium, and the large-scale coal resource consumption has become the most important CO in China's iron and steel industry₂emission source. In contrast, the electric furnace process with power as the main energy medium has greater carbon reduction potential, and the orderly promotion of the development of the electric furnace process is of great significance to the low-carbon and green transformation of the industry.

2) In the future, China is rich in scrap steel resources and has sufficient power resources. If complete scrap tax policies are used to guide the reasonable flow of scrap steel resources to the steel industry, it can provide necessary material-energy guarantee for the development of China's electric furnace process. On this basis, the preliminary prediction shows that the proportion of electric furnace process in China is expected to reach 15% by 2030; further increased to 30% in 2035; and will become the main steel manufacturing process in China after 2040.

3) Considering that most of the blast furnaces and their supporting production equipment have not reached the service life, in the development process, replacing the rebar and wire as the small and medium-sized blast furnace; At the same time, all waste steel-electric furnace, hydrogen metallurgy-electric furnace and electric furnace-near final manufacturing.

4) guided by the theory of metallurgical process engineering, the future electric furnace process technology structure from product manufacturing to the "three functions", should strengthen the process optimization, low carbon production, green logistics and waste given green low carbon technology research and development and application, and maximize the potential carbon electric furnace process, for the steel industry to achieve "double carbon" goal to provide technical support.

5) Through the analysis of the low-carbon development roadmap of the electric furnace process in China, from the process level, the electric furnace process has the greatest carbon reduction potential, followed by steel rolling process, refining and continuous casting process has certain carbon reduction potential; with the application of various carbon reduction technologies, the carbon emission intensity of the electric furnace process will be greatly reduced, and "near zero carbon" smelting is expected around 2050.